英国十八世纪小说和戏剧

TheRiseofNovelin18thCentury十八世纪小说的兴起Maincontents•EmergenceofEnglishNovel•CausesoftheriseofEnglishnovel•Differentstylesofnovelwriting•Realism•JonathanSwiftEmergenceofEnglishNovel•ThemodernEuropeannovelbeganaftertheRenaissance,withCervantes’sDonQuixote(1605-1615).•ThemodernEnglishnovelbegantwocenturieslater,inthe18thcentury.•Theriseandgrowthoftherealisticnovelisthemostprominentachievementof18thcenturyEnglishliteratureCausesoftheriseofEnglishnovel•Realismplaysaleadingroleinthe18thcenturyliterature.•enlargingreadersofnovel•colorfulnessofnovelwriting.•Excellentnovelistsemergedinthisperiod.Differentstylesofnovelwriting•Realisticnovel:Defoe、Swift、Fielding•Sentimentalnovel:Richardson•GothicNovels•talesofmysteryandhorrorwhichhappenedinagloomycastleoftheMiddleAges.AnnRadcliffe’sMysteriesofUdolpho.•biographicalnovel传记体小说，satiricnovel讽刺小说，picaresquenovel流浪汉小说，epistolarynovels书信体小说，DesertIslandLiterature荒岛文学，anovelofAdventure冒险小说Realism•Realismisamodeofwritingthatgivestheimpressionofrecordinglifeasitreallyiswithoutsentimentalizingoridealizingit.•Theriseandgrowthoftherealisticnovelisthemostprominentachievementinthe18thcenturyEnglishliterature.Thenovelistsofthisgrouptoldthereaderintheirnovelsabouttheordinarypeople,abouttheirthoughts,feelingsandstruggles.•TherealistnovelistsofthiscenturyareDanielDefoe,JonathanSwift,HenryFieldingandTobiasGeorgeSmollett.JonathanSwift•Status•Life•Works•Writingfeatures•Gulliver’sTravelsworks•BickerstaffAlmanac•TheBattleoftheBooks《书的战争》（1704）•ATaleofATub《一只桶的故事》（1704）•TheJournaltoStella《斯特拉日记》（1710-1713）•AModestProposal《一个温和的建议》（1729）•Drapier’sLetters《布商的信》（1724，1725）•Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》（1726）Writingfeatures•SwiftisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose.Hislanguageissimple,clearandvigorous.Insimpledirectandpreciseprose,SwiftisalmostunsurpassedinEnglishliterature.•Swiftisoneoftherealisticwritersandamastersatiristandthemostoriginalwriterofhistime.HisrealismisquitedifferentfromDefoe’s.Defoe’sstoriesarebasedontherealityofhumanlife,whileallofSwift’splotscomefromimagination,whichisthechiefmeansheusesinhissatires.Hissatireismarkedbyoutwardgravityandanapparentcalmness.Thismakeshissatireallthemorepowerful.MainContents•I.ReviewNovelwritinginthe18thcenturyandSwift•II.DanielDefoe•III.SamuelRichardson•IV.HenryFieldingII.DanielDefoe,1660-17311.StatusFatherofEnglishnovel,realisticwriter2.Lifeexperience3.Works4.Writingfeatures5.RobinsinCrusoe2.LifeexperienceAJackofalltrades:amerchant,soldier,economist,politician,journalist,pamphleteer,publicistandnovelist.Thethemeofallhisnovelsisthatmanisgoodandnoblebynaturebutmaysuccumbtoanevilenvironmentandcanonlybechangedbyeducation.3.Defoe’sWorksRobinsonCrusoe,鲁滨逊漂流记CaptainSingleton,辛格顿船长1720MollFlanders,摩尔·弗兰德斯1722ColonelJacque,杰克上校17224.WritingFeatures,P148-149•Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Defoespokeforandtothemembersofhisclass.hard-working,sturdymiddleclass•Defoewasaverygoodstory-teller.Hehadagiftfororganizingminutedetailsinsuchavividwaythathisstoriescouldbebothcredibleandfascinating.4.Defoe’swritingFeatures•HislanguageispurenakedEnglish,smooth,easy,Almostcolloquial,yetnevercoarse.•Beingamiddleclass,hehashisweaknesses.Hedoesn’tcondemnNegro-slaveryandsupportcolonialisminhisworks.5.RobinsonCrusoe•Briefstory•Characterization•TopicIndividualismAnimageoftherisingBourgeoisieIII.SamuelRichardsonHewasaskedtocompileavolumeofmodellettersforpeople,sobeganhiscareerofwriting.R’snovelsaremostlyfeminine-centerednarrative,whichsetsthemaintuneofwomenwriter’ssuchasJaneAusten’s:familynovels.MainworksarePamelaandClarissaR’sWritingfeaturesHe,forthefirsttime,employsthetechniquetoshowcharactersaspersonalities,withtheauthorabsentfromthestage.HisstorywastoldinEpistolarynovelsinwhichthenarrativeisconveyedentirelybyanexchangeofletters.Hepavedthewayforthelaterpsychologicalnovels.IV.HenryFielding•1.status•2.developmentofnovelwriting•3.Fieldingasadramatist•4.Fieldingasanovelist•5.F’sWritingfeatures1.HenryFielding’sstatus•Thoughhewrotepamphletsandpoems,hewaschieflyanovelist,andthenadramatist.•HewascalledthefounderofEnglishrealisticnovelandFatherofEnglishnovel.•ManycriticssaidhewrotethefirstmodernEnglishnovel,TomJones.2.DevelopmentofnovelwritinginC18th•Defoe:picaresquenovelspersonaladventures•Swift:satiricnovelstheweakpointsofhumanbeingsandsocialevils•Richardson:epistolarynovelsvirtue,chastityorotherbehaviorsofhighmoralityofalady•Fielding:novelofthethirdperson,panoramicnovels,comicepicinprose3.Fieldingasadramatist•DonQuixoteinEngland堂·吉诃德在英国•theCoffeehousePolitician咖啡馆的政客•theHistoricalRegisterfortheYears1736.1736年历史年鉴Theendofdramaticcareer•TheLicensingActin1737剧院许可证法案•Fielding,drivenoutofthetradeofMoliereandAristophones,tooktothatofCervantes,andsincethentheEnglishnovelhasbeenoneofthegloriesofliterature,whiletheEnglishdramahasbeenitsdisgrace(prefacetoplayunpleasant)4.Fieldingasanovelist•TheAdventureofJosephAndrews约瑟夫安德鲁斯1742,parodyofRichardson’sPamela•JonathanWild,theGreat大伟人江奈生魏尔德传1743，apoliticalsatire•TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling弃儿汤姆琼斯传,1749•Amelia阿米利亚,(1751).5.F’sWritingFeatures