英美文学PPT chaucer

Unit1GeoffreyChaucer(1343-1400)Keywords•poetry•GeoffreyChaucer•“FatherofEnglishpoetry”•TheCanterburyTales•HeroiccoupletPoetry•Poetryisanimaginativeawarenessofexperienceexpressedthroughmeaning,sound,andrhythmiclanguagechoicessoastoevokeanemotionalresponse.Ithasbeenknowntoemploymeter(格)andrhyme(韵）,butthisisbynomeansnecessary.Itisanancientformthathasgonethroughnumerousanddrasticreinventionovertime.Chaucer’sLife•Borntoamiddleclassfamily.•Hisfatherwasawinemerchantwhobelievedhischildshouldhaveaformaleducation.•HebecameapagetoanimportantfamilyandwassorespectedthatwhenhewascapturedasasoldierduringtheHundredYear’swar,akingpaidhisransom.•Hediedin1400andwasburiedinWestminsterAbbey,thusfoundingthe“PoetsCorner”.ChaucerwasoneofthefirstwriterstobeburiedinthePoets’CornerinWestminsterAbbey.Chaucer’sWritingFrenchperiod(1360s—1372)1）TheBookoftheDuchess(1369—70)Wroteagreatdealforpersonaladvancementandhisfirstimportantextantpoem2）TheRomauntoftheRose2.Italianperiod(1372—1385)InfluencedbyDante,Petrarch,BoccaccioTheHouseofFame(1372—80)(allegoricalpoems)LegendofGoodWomen(1380—86)3.Englishperiod(1387—1400)TheCanterburyTalesChaucer’sContributiontoEnglishLiterature•“thefounderofEnglishrealism.”•“FatherofEnglishPoetry”HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.SincemostliteratureandsciencewasstillwritteninLatin,ChaucerwrotehisstoriesinMiddleEnglish(nowModernEnglish).Untilthen,onlyballadsandtheGawainpoemshadbeenwritteninEnglishbecausescholarsfeltthelanguagelackedsophisticationandhadalimitedvocabulary.Hewroteinthevernacularoreverydaylanguage.OutlineoftheStory•Onaspringevening,thepoet,movedbythepassionforwandering,dropshimselfattheTabardInnatthesouthendofLondonBridge.Herehemeets29pilgrimsreadyforajourneyof60milesonhorsebacktoCanterbury.•Hejoinsthiscompany.Atthesuggestionofthehostoftheinn,theyagreetobeguilethejourneybystory-telling.Eachtells2storiesgoingand2returning.Thebeststory-tellerwillbetreatedwithafinesupperatthegeneralexpenseattheend.Thehostistobethejudgeofthecontest.Theplanofthebook30pilgrimsinTabardInninspringTwostorieseachonthewayoutandtwoonthewayback,butonly24talesfinished(including4fragmentaryincompletetales)30pilgrims,wouldbe120stories.ButChaucerhadactuallycompletedonly22stories,withtwomoreexistinginfragments.GeneralPrologue《总引》Theprologueprovidesaframeworkforthetales.Itcontainsagroupofvividsketchesoftypicalmedievalfigures.ItprovidesaminiatureoftheEnglishsocietyofChaucer’stime.FramingDeviceInItaly,ChaucermetwriterGiovanniBoccaccio,anditisbelievedChaucergothisinspirationfortheCanterburyTalesfromBocaccio’sDecameron.Bothuseaframingdevicewithinthetales.Chaucer’sframeisareligiouspilgrimageduringwhicheachtraveleristotelltwotalesgoingandtwotalesuponhisorherreturn.TheTales•Eachofthenarratortellshistaleinapeculiarmanner,thusrevealinghisownviewsandcharacter.ThetalesoftheKnight,thePardoner,theNun’sPriestandtheWifeofBath,aregenerallyregardedasthebestofthewholecollection.Artisticfeatures•HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanza(节）ofvarioustypes,especiallythe“heroiccouplet”(英雄双韵体)toEnglishpoetry.heroiccouplet:apairofrhymediambicpentameterlinesmusical,elegant,satiricalandhumorousHeroicCouplet（英雄双韵体）•Averseunitconsistingoftworhymedlinesiniambicpentameter•Thatmeanslinesofiambicpentameterwhichrhymeinpairs:aa,bb,cc,andsoon.Theadjective“heroic”wasappliedinthelaterseventeenthcenturybecauseofthefrequentuseofsuchcoupletsinheroicpoemsanddramas.ThisverseformwasintroducedintoEnglishpoetrybyGeoffreyChaucer.FromtheageofJohnDrydenthroughthatofSamuelJohnson,theheroiccoupletwasthepredominantEnglishmeasureforallthepoetickinds;somepoets,includingAlexanderPope,useditalmosttotheexclusionofothermeters是一种英国古典诗体,由乔叟首创。由十音节演化而来,每行五个音步,每个音步有两个音节,第一个是轻音,第二个是重音.•Rhythm节奏Itismainlymadeupofbytheregularrepetitionofstressedsyllablesandunstressedsyllables.Foot(Feet)音步Itisacertainfixedcombinationofsyllables,eachofwhichiscountedasbeingeitherstressed(扬)orunstressed(抑）.•音步(Foot)：•英诗中重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。•分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步，并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。这种音步划分叫scansion。根据一首英诗组成的音步数量，每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”(monometer)；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”(dimeter)；含有三个音步的，称“三音步”(trimeter)；此外还有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octameter)。•表现诗歌节奏的音组。也称顿。Meter(格）Itisthebasicrhythmicstructureofaverse.Iamb(抑扬格）:ametricalunit(foot)ofverse,havingoneunstressedsyllablefollowedbyonestressedsyllable,asintheword“beyond”“above”.如果一个音步中有两个音节，前者为轻，后者为重，则这种音步叫抑扬格音步，其专业术语是（iamb,iambic）。轻读是“抑”，重读是“扬”，一轻一重，故称抑扬格。trochee(扬抑格),anapest（抑抑扬格）,dactyl（扬抑抑格）Hiscontributions1.IntroducedfromFrance=Italytherhymedstanzasofdifferentforms:heroiccouplets•2.MadethedialectofLondonthefoundationformodernEnglishlanguage《总引》•夏雨给大地带来了喜悦，•送走了土壤干裂的三月。•沐浴着草木的丝丝茎络，•顿时万花盛开生机勃勃。•西风轻吹，留下清香缕缕，•田野复苏吹出芳草绿绿；•碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日，•青春的太阳洒下万道金辉。•小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美，•迷人的夜晚怎好安然入睡——•美丽的自然撩拨万物心弦，•多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢。•香客盼望拜谒圣徒的灵台，•僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海。•信徒来自全国东西南北，•众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷，•去朝谢医病救世的恩主，•以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒。•那是一个初夏方临的日子，•我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息。•怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心，•我准备翌日出发去朝圣；•黄昏前后华灯初上，•旅店院里涌入许多客人；•二十九人来自各行各业，•不期而遇都到旅店过夜。•香客人人都虔心诚意，•次日要骑马去坎特伯雷。•客房和马厩宽敞又洁