英美文学William Makepeace Thackeray

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray延时符Englishnovelist(1811-1863)ContentsPageLifeExperienceMajorWorksInfluenceRepresentativeWorksLifeExperienceWilliamMakepeaceThackeray(18July1811–24December1863)wasanEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Heisfamousforhissatiricalworks,particularlyVanityFair,apanoramicportraitofEnglishsociety.01BirthFamilyEducationCareerDeathLifeExperienceHewasbornonJuly18th,1811,thefirstandonlychildofRichmondThackerayandAnneBecherThackeray.HewasborninIndia,wherehisfatherworkedfortheEastIndiaCompany.SenttoschoolinEngland,aswasthefashionforcolonial-bornchildren,in1817.BirthFamilyEducationCareerDeathLifeExperienceHisfatherhaddiedin1815,andshortlyafterWilliamleft,hismotherremarriedtoCaptainHenryCarmichael-Smyth.In1836,hemarriedapoorIrishgirl,IsabellaShawe;theyhad3daughters.BirthFamilyEducationCareerDeathLifeExperienceWilliamwasmiserableatschool.Hewasn'tgoodatsports,thoughhewasfairlypopularinspiteofthat,andsufferedthroughtwopoorheadmasters.Whileinschoolhedevelopedtwohabitsthatweretostaywithhimallhislife:sketchingandreadingnovels.HelaterattendedCambridge,abandonedhisstudieswithouttakingadegree.UniversityofCambridgeBirthFamilyCareerDeathLifeExperienceEducationWilliamstartedhiscareerasahardworkingjournalist.HewroteTheHistoryofHenryEsmond,TheNewcombes,andVanityFair.Thackeray’sfameasawriterbeganinthelate1830swithTheYellowplushPapers.BirthFamilyDeathLifeExperienceEducationCareerIn1863,Williamfelthishealthwasnowseriouslybad,travelledaroundvisitingoldhauntsandfriendstosaygoodbye.OnChristmasEve,1863,hediedofacerebraleffusion(aburstbloodvessel).Hisfuneraldrewaround2,000mourners,includingDickens.MajorWorks02Pendennis《潘登尼斯》HenryEsmond《亨利埃斯蒙德》MajorWorksVanityFair《名利场》Publishedfrom1847to1848.,sub-titled‘ANovelwithoutaHero’.ThefirstmajorworkpublishedbyThackerayunderhisownname,appearedinmonthlyinstallments.Abigsuccessbroughthimprosperityandestablishedhisfamepermanently,madehimanestablishedauthor,apopularlecturerinEuropeandAmerica.01延迟符VanityFairPublishedfrom1847to1848.Itissetin19th-centuryEngland,particularlyinLondon.ThemainheroisayoungEnglishgentlemanArthurPendennis,whoisborninthecountryandsetsoutforLondontoseekhisplaceinlifeandsociety.Pendennisoffersaninsightfulandsatiricpictureofhumancharacterandaristocraticsociety.02延迟符TheHistoryofPendennisTheHistoryofHenryEsmondisahistoricalnovelbyWilliamMakepeaceThackeray,originallypublishedin1852.ThebooktellsthestoryoftheearlylifeofHenryEsmond,acolonelintheserviceofQueenAnneofEngland.Usingsporadicallythefirstandthirdpersons,HenryEsmondrelateshisownhistoryinmemoirfashion.03延迟符HenryEsmondInfluence“Lifeisamirror.Whenyousmileinfrontofit,itwillalsosmileandsowillitwhenyoucrytoit.”-------W.M.Thackeray03InfluenceThackerayisasatirist.Hissatireiscaustic(刻薄的,尖锐的)andhishumorsubtle(精妙的).Thackerayisamoralist.Hisaimistoproduceamoralimpressioninallhisnovels.Thackerayisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistsofthe19thcenturyEurope.RepresentativeWorksVanityFairisnamedafterthefairsetupbyBeelzebubinJohnBunyan’sThePilgrim’sProgress.“VanityFair”isthemostfamouspartofThePilgrim’sProgress.IttellshowChristianandhisfriendFaithfulcometoVanityFairontheirwaytoheaven.04VanityFairMaincharacters1234PlotMainthemesTheCharacteristicsVanityFairMaincharactersShemarriesGeorgeOsborne.GeorgediesatthebattleofWaterloo.ShebringsuplittleGeorgealonewhilelivingwithherparents.AmeliaSedleyTheanti-heroine&Amelia'sopposite.Anintelligentyoungwoman,completelyamoralandwithoutconscience.BeckysharpAgambler:good-looking,Self-centered,Prideful,free-spending.Hehasacertainamountofwealthbutnotnobility.GeorgeOsborneAmelia'solderbrotherHelovesnothingmorethanfood,drink,andsleep.JosephSedleyTheonlygentlemaninthebook,hisfeetaretoobigforhimtoqualifyinVanityFair.WilliamDobbinPlotCleverandambitiousBeckySharpisbornintopovertyasthedaughterofapennilessartist.HerplanstomarryAmeliaSedley’sbrotherJosephSedleyfail.ShemarriesRowdonCrawley,butheisdisinherited.BeckymanagestoliveattheheightoffashionthroughthepatronageofLordSteyne.01Whenherhusbanddiscoversthetruth,hedepartstobecomethegovernorofCoventryIsland.Beckyisostracized(放逐,排斥)andshemovestotheContinent.InthemeantimeAmelia’sstockbrokerfatherisruined.02AmeliaislovedbyWilliamDobbinbutshemarriesGeorgeOsborne-hediesinthebattleofWaterloo.Amelia’ssonisleftintothecareofhisgrandfather,whodiesandleaveshimafortune.AmeliatravelsintheContinentandmeetsBecky.DobbinhasreturnedfromIndiaanddisapprovesAmelia’skindnesstoBecky.Olderanddisillusioned,DobbinandAmeliacanmarry.03BeckyregainsherholdoverJoseph,whodiesinsuspiciouscircumstances.Becky’shusbandRowdondies,andBeckyendsthenovelintheguise(伪装)ofapiouswidow.04延时符ASummaryof'VanityFair'ByWilliamThackerayMainthemesSomearemorevain—moreobsessedwithselfandwiththeephemeraltreasuresofsocialpositionandmoney—thanothers,butnone,intheauthor'sestimation,canbecalledheroic.Allisvanityandallarevain01Inapersonalsense,itisaboutthestruggleofawomanforhighstatusbyhookorcrook.Struggleofawoman02Inabroadersense,ThackeraycriticizesthewholeEnglishsocietyoftheearly19thcentury.Socialcriticism03