浪漫主义文学英文版介绍

TheLiteratureofRomanticismRomanticismappearedinEnglandinthe18thcentury.AmoderntermappliedtotheprofoundshiftinWesternattitudestoartandhumancreativityinthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury.ReactionagainsttheprevailingneoclassicalspiritandrationalismduringtheAgeofReason.GeneralliterarycharacteristicsInthemes:1.passion,emotion,fancy,imagination,etc.asmarkersoftruth.2.Faithinindividualismandintuitiveperception.Mancanknowtheworldthroughhisownability/intuition.Commonmanasahero.3.Man’ssocietiesareasourceofcorruption.Naturewasarefuge,asourceofgoodness,knowledgeandspirituality.Celebrationofman’sconnectionwithnature.4.Thefantasticandthrillingstoriestakingplacelongagoandfaraway,richinmysticcolor.5.Solitude(Escapism)6.Satisfactionofdesire7.Outcasts8.Idealistphilosophy9.Delightinself-analysis10.Thesublime(升华，崇高，高尚）,thegrotesque（奇异，怪异）,thepicturesque（独特的，图画般的）,andthebeautifulwithatouchofstrangenessareallvaluedIntechniques:CharacterizationSupernaturalforeshadowing(dreams,visions)DescriptionprovidesafeelingofthesceneFormallanguagePlotisimportantandusu.arrangedaroundcrisestodemonstrateromanticlovehonorandintegrityidealismofselfetc.AmericanRomanticismI.HistoricalbackgroundEndof18thcentury---outbreakoftheCivilWar1.The“pioneers”pushingthefrontierfurtherwest:Individualism,buoyancy（轻快，轻松）andoptimismofthefrontierandintimacywiththewilderness2.Predominantlyagrarian（土地的，耕种的）background3.Industrializationandurbanizationresultineconomicboom,riseofthemiddleclass4.Thesuddeninfluxofimmigrants,newculturesandperspectives5.Thelevelofeducationandliteracyroseandculturalbusinessprospered.6.Democracyandpoliticalequality,andpeopleenjoyedmorefreedom7.Pursuitofsimplicity,utility,andperfection(idealism)remainedanAmericancharacteristic.Optimismandhope→outburstofromanticfeelingIndependence→Isolation→insecurityaboutvaluesdemocracy→lossofdistinction↓SearchfornewspiritualrootsII.InLiteratureLiteratureceasedtobeprimarilydidactic（说教的）,aservantofpoliticsandreligion.TheromanticvalueswereprominentinAmericanpolitics,art,andphilosophyuntiltheCivilWar.2stages:1830pre-romanticism(1770s-1830)post-romanticism(1830-60,65-75)CharacteristicsAmericanRomanticismwasbothimitativeandindependent.foreignandnativefactorsIII.NotableWriters1.WashingtonIrving2.JamesFenimoreCooper3.WilliamCullenBryant4.HenryWadsworthLongfellow5.EdgarAllanPoe6.RalphWaldoEmerson7.HenryDavidThoreau8.NathanielHawthorne9.HermanMelvilleWashingtonIrving1.WashingtonIrving(1783--1859)1.FirstAmericanauthortomakealivingbyhispen2.“FatherofAmericanliterature”3.FatherofAmericanShortStories:TheshortstoryasagenreinAmericanliteraturebeganwithIrving’sTheSketchBook,whichalsomarkedthebeginningofAmericanRomanticism.4.ThefirstAmericanwriterofimaginativeliteraturetohavehisworkscharacterizedasclassicliteratureandgaininternationalfame.5.ThefirstgreatprosestylistofAmericanromanticism.ItwashimwhointroducedthefamiliaressayfromEuropetoAmerica.6.AuthorofthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature7.Amongthefirstofthemodernmenofletterstowritehistoryandbiographyasliteraryentertainment8.HisworksonwesternadventuresbrokenewtrailsinAmericanliterature.9.HerestoredthewaningGothicromances10.Hishumor,whichgaveanimpetustothegrowthandpopularityofAmericanindigenous（本土的）humorwasalwayswell-meaning,mildandpronetobeaccepted.AndhewastheonlyAmericanwriterofhisgenerationwhocouldchide（斥责）theBritishinanatmosphereofgoodhumor.11.Thescopeofhislifeandwritingwasinternational,andhisbest-knownstoriesawakenedaninterestinthelifeofAmerica.12.Hisgenial（亲切的，适宜的）writingalsoimprovedthefeelingofAmericantowardtheBritish.Twoimportantphasesinhisliterarycareer:1809-1832;1832—deathWorksAHistoryofNewYorkfromtheBeginningoftheWorldtotheEndoftheDutchDynastybyDiedrichKnickerbocker(1809):aclassicofhumorTheSketchBook(ofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.)(1819-1820)ThefirstbookbyanAmericanwritertoachieveinternationalsuccess.“RipVanWinkle”(basedonaGermanfolktale,setintheDutchcultureofPre-RevolutionaryWarinNewYorkState);“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”(subtitle:FoundAmongthePapersoftheLateDiedrickKnickerbocker)BracebridgeHall(1822)ATouronthePrairies(1835)OliverGoldsmith(1840)LifeofGeorgeWashington(1855-1859)Style“AmericanGoldsmith”neoclassicaltraditionimitative;sentimental;avoidmoralizing;goodatenvelopinghisstoriesinanatmosphere;vividandtrue-to-lifecharacterdepiction;simplicity;lucidity;discursive,leisurelyandgracefulpresentation;carefulphrasesandcadences;humorRipVanWinkle“RipVanWinkle”isbasedonGermanfolktalesthatIrvinglearnedaboutthroughalifetimeofreadingandyearsoftravelinEurope.OneofhisgoalswastogivetheUnitedStates,anewcountry,someofthesamefeelingoftraditionthatoldernationshadbecauseoftheirtraditionallore.Inahumorouscontext,“RipVanWinkle”dealswithissuesofpolitics,asheshowshowtheAmericanRevolutionchangedonesmallvillage,andgenderissues,asheshowsthecomicalrelationshipbetweenalazyhusbandandabad-temperedwife.AmiraculousstoryabouttheunsuccessfulloveaffairofIchabodCrane,acountryteacher,whichiscombinedwiththelegendofaheadlesshorseman.JamesFe