人教版英语选修六U3 语法

Book6Unit3GrammarTheuseof“it”Aims:1.Learntheuseof“it”usedtotalkabouttime,distance,weather,etc.2.Learn“it”usedinthesubjectorobjectpositiontostandforaninfinitive,-ingformoraclause.Discovering“It”1.Itrainsheavily.2.Itis20kilometersfromGranddad'shousetoJames’.3.ItisNovember11,2005.4.Itis9o’clockatnight.5.It'llbelovelyinthegardentonight．6.Itisbadtosmoke.7.Itislikelythathewillsucceed.8.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.天气距离日期时间形式主语环境形式主语形式宾语1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Xi’anisabeautifulcity,isn’tit?IamsendingyousomeadviceIfoundontheInternet.Itmighthelpyou.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisn’t.Theygotababyanditwasverylovely.3.用于指人it用于指人主要用确定未知人的身份：“Whoisit?”“It’sme.”“Listen.Someoneiscrying.”“Oh,itmustbeMary.”一、it作人称代词it与one和that的区别it指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一事物，相当于the,this，that，my...)+名词。one指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一种类的事物，相当于a+名词。that一般是用于带有比较性质的句型中，指代前面提到的事物，常带有后置定语,相当于the+名词。Ihavelostmyumbrella;I'mlookingfor_____.（该句中__就是指前面的myumbrella）Ihavelostmyumbrella;IthinkImustbuy____.（____在该句中表泛指,因为myumbrella已经丢了）Theumbrellayouboughtischeaperthan____Ibought.（替代词___在该句中特指“theumbrellaIbought”,以区别“theumbrellayoubought”）ititoneonethatthatSelf-test1.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but______didn’thelp.A.itB.sheC.whichD.he2.TheclimateofShanghaiisbetterthan____ofNanjing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.what3.---Isawthelastcopyofthisbookinthatshop.Willyougoandbuy_______?---No,I’dratherbuy_______inanonlineshop.A.one;oneB.it;itC.one;itD.it;one4.–Didyoufindyourpenyesterday?–No,Ididn’tfind_____.ButI’vebought_______A.it;itB.one;itC.it;oneD.one;one5．Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocan______be?A.thisB.thatC.itD.oneit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：1.指天气：Itisalovelyday,isn’tit?2.指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.3.指环境:Itwasveryquietinthecafé.4.指距离：Itishalfanhour’swalktothecitycentrefrommyhome.二、it作非人称代词5.指日期：--What'sthedatetoday?--It'sMay1,2007.6.指季节：Itissummernow.7.指度量：Itisabout5kilograms.8.指价值：----What'sthecostoftheT-shirt?----Itis150yuan.Self-test1._______issonoisyoutside.Doyouknowwhathappened?A.ItB.ThatC.ThereD.This2.---Whatdateisittoday?---istheeighthofMarchtoday.A.ThedateB.ThatC.TodayD.It3.______isfortyyearssinceIleftmyhometown..A.ItB.ThatC.ThereD.This替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。三、it用作形式主语1.代作主语的动词不定式1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,possible,right,wrong,important,legal,illegal,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,proper,useful，useless,dangerous…Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.（2）Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.It'snogood/usedoing…It'sgreatfundoing…It's（well）worthdoing…It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型2.it作形式主语替代主语从句Itisclear(obvious，true，possible,certain…)that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然,真的……）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.①Itisadj.+clauseItissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/..)that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.②Itisv-edthat…=sb./sth.istodo③Itis+noun+从句Itisapity(ashame/anhonor/agoodthing/afact/asurprise/...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.他生病了，真遗憾！Itisapitythatheisill.Self-test1.---Stevenhasgotthefirstprizeinthemathcontest.---______isnowonderthathelookssohappytoday.A.AsB.ItC.ThisD.That2.Itis______ofyoutocheatintheexam.A.dangerousB.difficultC.foolishD.kind3.Itisgreatfun___________basketballafterclass.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played4.________thathehasgoneabroad.A.HeissaidB.ItissaidC.ItwassaidD.Itsays5.Is_____obviousthathecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it四、it作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。该句型中的it作形式宾语，常用的动词有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.Wemakeitclearthatspeakingtotheteacherinthatwayisnotpolite.Idon’tlikeitwhenpeopletalkwiththemouthfulloffood.Self-test1.Hemade________clear_________hewasnotinterestedinthissubject.A.one,thatB.this,thatC.that,itDit,that2.Ifind______nogood__________toomuchforsupper.A.it,toeatB.it,eatingC.that,eatingD.this,toeat3.Ihate_______when_____israinyandcold.A.it,itB.that,itC.it,thatD.that,it4.I’dappreciate______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.youI.单项选择1.Hedidn’tmake____clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.(天津)A.thisB.thatC.itD.these2.____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.(浙江)A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.ItExercises3.Howlongtofinishthework?A.you’lltakeB.willtakeyouC.you'lltakeitD.willittakeyou4.Does_____matteralotwhethershewillcomeherebybusorbytaxi?A.ThethingB.thatC.itD.hermother5.Hefelthisdutytohelpthepoor.A.it'sB.itsC.thatD.itII.Fillintheblankswithproperwords.1.________wasdirtyandwetbelow