How-to-Get-the-Poor-off-Our-Conscience

LessonOneHowtoGetthePooroffOurConscienceARiddle•Nopains,nogains.•Whatcanbegotwithoutpains?•Nothingtobegotwithoutpainsbutpoverty.•只有贫穷是可以不劳而获的东西。Questionsandanswer•1.whichcontinentisthepoorestoneintheworld?------Africa•2.whichcountryisthepoorestone?------Ethiopia•3.whoisthepoorestpersonintheworld?------?Lead-inquestions•1.Doyouthinkyouarepoor?•2.whatmakesthefactthatyouarepoor?/whoshouldberesponsibleforyourpoverty?•3.ifyouareabillionaire,willyoufeelguiltyabouttheexistenceofthepoorpeople?Andhowtogetitoff?ClassProcedure•1.Abouttheauthor•2.GuidetoReading&Relevantinformation•3.Textlearning•4.ExercisesandtestAbouttheauthor•JohnKennethGalbraith(1908-2006)wasaneconomist,liberalthinker,author,professor,presidentialadvisorandambassador.•Hewasalsoaproductivewriterandaneffectivecriticofmanypopularideasofhistime.•Heclearlyinfluencedtheeconomicideasofmanypeople,includingpoliticiansandpresidents.•JohnKennethGalbraithwasbornonafarmnearIonaStation,Canadain1908.•YoungJohnfirststudiedagricultureatOntarioAgriculturalCollege.Buthesoonfoundeconomicsmoreinteresting.•MisterGalbraithbecameaninstructoratHarvardUniversity.In1937,hebecameanAmericancitizen.•In1939,JohnKennethGalbraithbeganworkingforthegovernment.HejoinedtheNationalDefenseAdvisoryCommitteeinWashington.Later,hewasforcedtoresignfromthejobandstartedwritingforFortunemagazine.•In1958,MisterGalbraithpublishedhismostfamousbook,TheAffluentSociety.HearguedthatwhileprivateindividualsinAmericawerebecomingwealthier,publicinstitutionsweregrowingpoor.HecriticizedtheAmericanculturethathesaidwasrichingoodsbutpoorinsocialservices.•MisterGalbraithwasalsoinvolvedinpolitics,whichwasunusualforaneconomist.HebecameatrustedadvisertoPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.•PresidentKennedyappointedhimambassadortoIndiain1961.Thirtyyearslater,MisterGalbraithreceivedIndia'ssecond-highestcivilianhonorforhisworktostrengthentiesbetweenIndiaandtheUnitedStates.•Afterthetragedy,MisterGalbraithhadgoodrelationswiththenewpresidentLyndonJohnsonandbecameanadviser.ButlaterbrokewithhimontheissueofVietnamWar.•HeopposedtheinvolvementoftheUnitedStatesinthewar.•IntheyearsaftertheVietnamWar,KenGalbraithputhisenergyintowriting.In1996,hisbookTheGoodSocietywaspublished.ItwasanupdateofhisbookTheAffluentSociety.HepointedoutthattheUnitedStateshadbecomeevenmoreaplaceforthewealthy,orademocracyofthefortunate.••JohnKennethGalbraithreceivestheMedalofFreedomfromPresidentBillClinton.•JohnKennethGalbraithdiedin2006attheageofninety-seven.Yethisbooksremainexcellentexamplesofthinkingaboutsocialresponsibilityandethics.Keynesianeconomics•主张国家采用扩张性的经济政策，通过增加需求促进经济增长。即扩大政府开支，实行财政赤字。刺激经济。维持繁荣。•凯恩斯则认为对商品总需求的减少是经济衰退的主要原因。由此维持整体经济活动数据平衡的措施可以在宏观上平衡供给和需求。因此，凯恩斯的和其他建立在凯恩斯理论基础上的经济学理论被称为宏观经济学，以与注重研究个人行为的微观经济学相区别。Rocketingdefensebudget•“星球大战计划”的出台背景是在冷战后期，由于苏联拥有比美国更强大的核攻击力量和导弹破防能力，美国害怕“核平衡”的形势被打破，需要建立有效的反导弹系统，来保证其战略核力量的生存能力和可靠的威慑能力，维持其核优势。同时，美国也是想凭借其强大的经济实力，通过太空武器竞争，把苏联的经济拖垮。这项计划于1984年由美国总统R.里根批准实施.•计划由“洲际弹道导弹防御计划”和“反卫星计划”两部分组成。其预算高达1万多亿美元.。太空基地Irony•Irony(反语):isafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.•Leechassertsthatirony“enablesaspeakertobeimpolitewhileseemingtobepolite.”Examples•1.whatafineweather.•2.Slowlytheoldladystoopedtopickit(thecheque)up.Herpresent,herlovelypresent.Withtremblingfingersshetoreitintolittlebits.•老太太慢慢地弯下腰，把支票从地上捡起来，她的礼物，她的可爱的礼物！用颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。-------------adisappointingpresent3.ShewasnotsoyoungasIexpectedandinappearanceimposingratherthanattractive.她并不如我想象的那么年轻。她的外表与其说吸引人，不如说是令人难忘。---------afatandbad-lookingladyOutline•PartI(1&2)opening:thesearchofwaysof“gettingthepooroffourconscience”hasbeenandcontinuestobeanintellectualpreoccupation•PartII(3--9)fivehistoricalsolutions•PartIII(10--11)Transition•PartIV(12--20)fivecurrentdesigns•PartV(21)conclusionTextlearning•PartI(1&2)opening:thesearchofwaysof“gettingthepooroffourconscience”hasbeenandcontinuestobeanintellectualpreoccupationParagraph1•Whatdoestheauthorwanttoreflecton?•Theauthorwantstodiscusshowpeoplehavebeentryingnottofeelguiltyabouttheexistenceofthepoorpeople.Paragraph2•Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenheuses“perilously”?•Theauthormusthaveinmindtheslaveuprisings,peasantuprisings,andworkers’strikes.Ifthedisparitybecomestoogreat,thepoorwillriseupagainsttherichandcausemuchdamage.AnintellectualpreoccupationTranslation:有思想有学问的人几百年来孜孜不倦思考探索的问题Themainidea:forcenturies,thosewithhighintellecthavebeensearchingforexplanationstojustifythecoexistenceoftherichandpoor.•Forcenturies↓↓•Historypresent↓↓FivehistoricalsolutionsfivecurrentdesignsContinuetobesoinourowntimePartII(3—9)•Thispartdealswiththefivesolutionsthathadbeenofferedinhistory.Thesesolutionsarearrangedchronologically.•Iftheyarepoorandalsomeek,theyeventuallywillinherittheearth.•如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们将最终成为这个世界的主人。•Whyitisironical?•IntheBible,theword“meek”isusedinapositivesense------patientandmild•Inthisstatement,thewordisusedinaironicalsense-----submissiveWhydoestheauthorthinkitisanadmirablesolution?•Becauseinthisway,therich_________.whilethepoorwill___________________.will_n