动词V-ing

B动词-ing形式作表语1表示主语的内容Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2表示主语具有的特征(动词ing相当一个形容词）Theproblemisquitepuzzling.这个问题很令困惑。1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis______(bite)nails（指甲）.1.Ourtripwasdisappointing.Wedidnotfindanyunusualplants.2.Theprogrammefortheweekendlooksexciting.Iamlookingforwardtoit.4.Thenewswasshocking.Allthethreeboatshadsunkinthestorm.5.ThereportfromCookwasencouraging.Thecaptaindecidedtoattackthefollowingnight.6.Itwasastonishingtoseetheanimalsandplantsthatarefoundnowhereelseintheworld.D动词-ing形式作宾语补足语1.感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe,find)+sb+doingsthWeheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。2.感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe)+sb+dosth(用动词原形时，表示动作的全过程.)Hesawagirlgettingonthebus.他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。Hesawagirlgetonthebusanddriveoff.他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。3have,get,leave,keep,set,catch(等表示“致使”的动词)+sb/sth+doingsth(作宾补）Theyshouldnotleaveuswonderingwhattheywilldonext.他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。Iwon‘thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。点拨；如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词-ing形式。Isawhimentertheroomsitdownandlightacigarette.我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。1.Isawthem______(force)thedooropenwithahammer.2.Weheardthem_________(quarrel)aboutmoneyaftertheconcert;theylookedveryangry.3.Iheardhim________(drop)lotsofcoinsintothecollectingtin.forcingquarrelingdropping4.Youcanseethem__________(perform)everynightthisweekattheNewTheatre.5.Icouldhearthem__________(whisper)toeachotherduringthefirstpartoftheplay.6.Wewatchedthearmy_______(march)downthestreettowardsthepark.performingwhisperingmarchingE动词-ing形式作定语1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreadingrunningshoes=shoesforrunningaworkingmethod=amethodofworking②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困扰人的问题阅览室跑鞋工作方法2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。3某些情况下，动词-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须用定语从句。①作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。【误】Theprofessorcominghereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.【正】Theprofessorwhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。②动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。【误】Thetemplehavingbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.正】Thetemplewhichhasbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。F动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations...)2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Sincehewasill...)3表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons...如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=Althoughtheyknewallthis...尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。e.g.________areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceivede.g.Havingfinishedmyhomework,IwenttowatchTV.没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用havingdone;此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为notdoing/nothavingdone;故选c6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。-ing形式Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.（NMET1998）A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeHerushedtothetrainstation,only____thetrainhadgone.A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofindDMakingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed动词-ing形式的逻辑主语A作主语的动词-ing形式动词-ing形式作主语时，其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的。Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。(Readingaloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来)点拨:如果作主语的动词-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般用物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加‘s)Hisfather’sfallingillworriedhimgreatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。(hisfather是fallingill的逻辑主语)B作表语的动词-ing形式动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.(stayingtoolateeverynight的逻辑主语是her)C作定语的动词-ing形式动词-ing形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词。aninterestingbook一本有意思的书=abookthatinterestsitsreadersarunningstream一条奔流的小溪=astreamthatisrunning如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被动式。正在北京召开的会议非常重要。Themeeting_________(hold)inBeijingnowisofgreatimportance(themeeting和“举行”之间的关系是被动的，同时此动作正在进行，所以用beingheld)beingheld1.______(see)fromthemountain,wecanseetheriverrunningthroughthecity.2.Iamlookingforwardto_______(see)youagain.3.Theboywasluckyenoughtoescape___________(punish)4.Iapologizetoyoufor___________(tell)youthetruthimmediately.5.It’snouse________(try)tomakemebelieveyou.6.Thegirl________(sit)underthattreeismysister.7.______(lose)hernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset.8.______________(receive)areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.