轻型木结构墙体

加拿大木业协会设计师培训班第一阶段–轻型木结构CanadaWoodLevel1-Wood-FrameConstruction墙体和屋盖WallandRoofFramingHerbertOtto,B.Arch.,MRAIC平台式建造法PlatformFraming屋顶桁架Rooftrusses38x89or38x140mm墙骨柱38x89or38x140mm(2x4or2x6)studwalls楼盖覆面板Floorsheathing楼盖搁栅Floorjoists基础Foundation平台式轻型木结构PlatformFraming图片由加拿大木材理事会提供DiagramCourtesyCanadianWoodCouncil承重内隔墙LoadBearinginteriorwall楼盖覆面板Floorsheathing组合梁Builtupbeam地梁板锚固螺栓Sillplateanchorbolt地梁板Sillplate封边搁栅RimJoist底梁板Bottomwallplate墙体覆面板Wallsheathing桁架或椽条Trussorrafter屋顶覆面板Roofsheathing剪刀撑Crossbridging顶梁板Topplate墙骨柱Stud钉板条Strapping搁栅Joist墙体WallFraming墙体设计WallDesign墙体WallFraming双层顶梁板Doubletopplate门洞过梁Doorheaderorlintel封头墙骨柱Trimmer主要墙骨柱Kingstud短撑Cripple墙骨柱Commonstud窗口过梁Windowheaderorlintel底梁板Bottomplates窗洞口Windowroughopening底梁Sill短撑Cripple墙体WallFraming墙骨柱、板、短撑和过梁用钉和楼板连接，然后安装对角支撑或覆面板Stud,plates,cripplesandlintelsarelaidoutonthefloor,nailedtogether,thencrossbracedorsheathed.墙体WallFraming门窗洞口过梁通常使用2x4规格材，中间使用2x6规格材Windowordoorheaderframing,conventional38x89mm(2x4)andinsulated38x140mm(2x6).用于过梁的规格材尺寸由荷载和跨度决定Sizeofdimensionlumberusedinheaderdeterminedbyloadandspan墙体WallFraming提起墙体并连接在一起，需要使用临时支撑Wallstiltedupandtiedtogetherandtemporarilybracedasrequired.墙体WallFraming转角处的顶梁板要搭接Cornerframingwithlappedtopplates.转角处填充保温棉时，要在内测放置第三根墙骨柱支撑内装修层ThirdinsidestudprovidessupportforinteriorfinishwhileallowingcornertobeinsulatedThirdstud墙体WallFraming内外隔墙的连接Interiorpartitionwall/exteriorwallconnection.2x6规格材做垫板方便墙体赶作业施工以及连接后面的填充材布置38x140mm(2x6)backerforsupportingdrywallandallowinginsulationbehindconnection.垫板Backer墙体WallFraming覆面板横放在楼面上，然后开始安装Paneltypesheathingappliedtoframingwhenitisstillhorizontalonthefloordeck.覆面板类型Rangeofsheathings定向刨花板OSB胶合板Plywood防火板Fibreboard石膏板Gypsum保温填充覆面板Insulatedsheathing竖向和水平布置的覆面板墙体WallFraming内隔墙和保温天花板的连接。顶梁板之间布置带状聚乙烯作为隔气层Interiorpartitionwallconnectionwithinsulatedceiling.Whenpolyethyleneair/vapourbarrierisusedstripplacedbetweentopplates天花板搁栅顶梁板墙骨柱带状聚乙烯作为隔气层（也可以布置在顶梁板之间，楼板之间不要求布置）2x6规格材，用于钉连接墙体WallFraming当搁栅和外墙平行时，需要设置垫板来支撑内装修层Wherejoistsareparalleltoexteriorwallbackframingrequiredtoprovidesupportforinteriorfinish墙骨柱底梁板下部楼面板楼盖搁栅用于内装修的钉连接端部搁栅板墙体设计WallFramingDesign内墙和外墙结构功能和荷载分布不同，所以应分开设计。Interiorandexteriorwallsshouldbedesignedseparatelysincetheyhavedifferentfunctionsandloadsaredistributeddifferently墙骨柱最小尺寸和间距的规定（设计表中还包括其他的长度、树种和荷载分配）Rulesofthumbforminimumstudsizesandspacing(designtablesforotherlengths,species,andloadconfigurations)外墙高度建到3mExteriorWallsupto3mtall仅支承屋盖[e-mail]–38x89@600mmo.c.支承屋盖和1层楼盖–[e-mail]1floor–38x89@400mmo.c.支承屋盖和2层楼盖–[e-mail]2floors–38x140@400mmo.c.墙体设计WallFramingDesign内墙高度建到3mInteriorWallsupto3mtall非承重Nonloadbearing38x89@600mmo.c.（推荐400mm）38x89@600mmo.c.(however400mmrecommended)承重Loadbearing支承屋盖和1层楼盖–[e-mail]1floor–38x89@400mmo.c.支承屋盖和2层楼盖–[e-mail]2floors–38x89@300mmo.c.支承屋盖和3层楼盖–[e-mail]3floors–38x140@400mmo.c.墙体设计WallFramingDesign过梁Lintels墙体设计-外墙过梁WallFramingDesign–ExteriorLintelLintel1SpecifiedRoofLoad=1kPa2-PlyLintelHeavyroofconstruction(1.0kPadeadload),Lintelsupportingaceiling(Span/250deflectioncriteria)MaximumAllowableSpan(m)40x9040x14040x18540x23540x285SpeciesandBuildingWidth(m)GradeSupporting8101281012810128101281012Spruce-Pine-FirRoofOnly1.121.000.911.641.471.342.071.851.692.532.262.072.942.632.40IIb&IIIbGradesRoof+1Floor0.920.820.721.341.201.091.691.511.382.071.851.692.402.151.96Roof+2Floors0.770.650.571.141.020.901.441.291.181.761.571.442.041.831.67D.Fir-L(N)RoofOnly1.100.980.901.611.441.322.041.821.662.492.232.032.892.582.36IIb&IIIbGradesRoof+1Floor0.900.810.741.321.181.081.671.491.362.041.821.662.362.111.93Roof+2Floors0.770.690.631.121.000.921.421.271.161.731.551.412.011.801.64Hem-Fir(N)RoofOnly1.211.080.991.771.591.452.242.001.832.742.452.233.182.842.59IIb&IIIbGradesRoof+1Floor0.990.890.801.451.301.181.831.641.502.242.001.832.602.322.12Roof+2Floors0.840.720.631.231.100.981.561.391.271.901.701.552.211.981.80NorthernSpeciesRoofOnly0.920.830.751.351.211.101.711.531.392.091.871.702.422.171.98IIb&IIIbGradesRoof+1Floor0.760.680.621.110.990.901.401.251.141.711.531.401.981.771.62Roof+2Floors0.640.570.510.940.840.771.191.060.971.451.301.191.691.511.38RoofonlyRoof+1FloorRoof+2Floors墙体设计-内隔墙WallFramingDesign–InteriorPartitionBeam1BeamSupporting1FloorFloorBeamLightfloorconstruction(0.5kPadeadload),Beamsupportingaceiling(Span/250deflectioncriteria)MaximumAllowableSpan(m)40x9040x14040x18540x23540x285SpeciesandBeamBuildingWidth(m)GradePlys8101281012810128101281012Spruce-Pine-Fir31.201.070.981.751.571.432.221.981.812.712.422.213.142.812.57IIb&IIIbGrades41.381.241.132.031.811.652.562.292.093.132.802.553.633.252.9651.491.381.262.272.031.852.862.562.343.503.132.864.063.633.31D.Fir-L(N)31.181.050.961.731.541.412.181.951.782.672.382.183.092.772.53IIb&IIIbGrades41.361.221.111.991.781.632.522.252.063.082.752.513.573.192.9251.521.361.242.231.991.822.812.522.303.443.082.813.993.573.26Hem-Fir(N)31.301.161.061.901.701.552.402.141.962.932.