D.H.Lawrence

D.H.LawrenceDesignbyIris•BriefIntroduction•Life&Career–EarlyLife&Career–He&HisWife–Death•WorksDavidHerbertRichardsLawrence(1885-1930),usuallyknownasD.H.Lawrence,wasanEnglishnovelist,poet,playwright,essayist,literarycriticandpainter.Hiscollectedworksrepresentanextendedreflectionuponthedehumanizing([di:′hjumƏnaiz]todepriveofhumanqualities使失去人性)effectsofmodernity（现代性，现代作风）andindustrialization（工业化）.Inthem,Lawrenceconfronts（=face面临，遭遇）issuesrelatingtoemotionalhealthandvitality([vai‘tæliti]活力，生命力）,spontaneity（[spɔntə’ni:iti]自然性）,andinstinct（天性）.BriefIntroductionHisEarlyLifeThefourthchildofArthurJohnLawrence,abarelyliterateandirreligious,heavydrinkingminerwhospoketheroughNottinghamshiredialect,andLydia,hismotherwhoisawell-educatedchapel-goer(apersonwhooftengoestothechapel)andhadbeenaschool-teacherandcametolookdownuponherunculturedhusband.Lawrencespenthisformative(shaping;developing)yearsinthecoalminingtownofEastwood,Nottinghamshire.Thehouseinwhichhewasborn,inEastwood,8aVictoriaStreet,isnowtheD.H.LawrenceBirthplaceMuseum.Hisworkingclassbackgroundandthetensionsbetweenhisparentsprovidedtherawmaterialforanumberofhisearlyworks.Lawrencewouldreturntothislocality(=area)andoftenwroteaboutnearbyUnderwood,callingitthecountryofmyheart,asasettingformuchofhisfiction.TheyoungLawrenceattendedBeauvaleBoardSchool(nowrenamedGreasleyBeauvaleD.H.LawrencePrimarySchoolinhishonour)from1891until1898,becomingthefirstlocalpupiltowinaCountyCouncil(郡议会)scholarship（奖学金）toNottinghamHighSchoolinnearbyNottingham.Heleftin1901,workingforthreemonthsasajuniorclerkatHaywood‘ssurgicalappliances[ə’plaiəns]factory（外科器械厂）,butasevereboutofpneumonia（[nju:‘məunjə]肺炎）endedthiscareer.Intheyears1902to1906LawrenceservedasapupilteacherattheBritishSchool,Eastwood.Hewentontobecomeafull-timestudentandreceivedateachingcertificatefromUniversityCollege,Nottingham,in1908.Duringtheseearlyyearshewasworkingonhisfirstpoems,someshortstories,andadraftofanovel,Laetitia（利蒂希娅）,thatwaseventuallytobecomeTheWhitePeacock（《白孔雀》1911）.Attheendof1907hewonashortstorycompetitionintheNottinghamGuardian（诺丁汉卫报）,thefirsttimethathehadgainedanywiderrecognitionforhisliterarytalents.HisEarlyCareer•Intheautumnof1908thenewlyqualifiedLawrencelefthischildhoodhomeforLondon.WhileteachinginDavidsonRoadSchool,Croydon(克罗伊登英格兰南部城市),hecontinuedwriting.Someoftheearlypoetry,cametotheattentionofFordMadox（福特·马多克斯),knownastheeditoroftheinfluentialTheEnglishReview(《英国评论》).Fordthencommissioned(委任，代办)thestoryOdor([‘əudə]smell)ofChrysanthemums(《菊花香》)which,whenpublishedinthatmagazine,encouragedHeinemann,aLondonpublisher,toaskLawrenceformorework.•Hiscareerasaprofessionalauthornowbeganinearnest,althoughhetaughtforafurtheryear.ShortlyafterthefinalproofsofhisfirstpublishednovelTheWhitePeacockappearedin1910,Lawrence‘smotherdied.Shehadbeenillwithcancer.Theyoungmanwasdevastated（=overwhelm；shock打击；震惊）andhewastodescribethenextfewmonthsashis“sickyear.”ItisclearthatLawrencehadanextremelycloserelationshipwithhismotherandhisgrieffollowingherdeathbecameamajorturningpointinhislife,justasthedeathofMrs.Morelformsamajorturningpointinhisautobiographical（自传体的）novelSonsandLovers（《儿子与情人》1913）,aworkthatdrawsuponmuchofthewriter’sprovincialupbringing（教养）.•In1911LawrencewasintroducedtoEdwardGarnett,apublisher‘sreader,whoactedasamentor,providedfurtherencouragement,andbecameavaluedfriend,asGarnett’ssonDavidwasalso.Throughoutthesemonthstheyoungauthorrevised（=amend修订；修正）PaulMorel（《儿子与情人》的曾用题目《保罗·莫莱尔》）,thefirstdraftofwhatbecameSonsandLovers.Inaddition,ateachingcolleague,HelenCorke,gavehimaccesstoherintimate（=personal）diariesaboutanunhappyloveaffair,whichformedthebasisofTheTrespasser['trespəsə]（《入侵者》1912）,hissecondnovel.InNovember1911,hecamedownwithapneumoniaagain;onceherecovered,Lawrencedecidedtoabandonteachinginordertobecomeafulltimeauthor.HealsobrokeoffanengagementtoLouieBurrows,anoldfriendfromhisdaysinNottinghamandEastwood.He&HisWife•InMarch1912LawrencemetFriedaWeekley,withwhomhewastosharetherestofhislife.Shewassixyearsolderthanhernewlover（Lawrence）,marriedtoLawrence‘sformermodernlanguagesprofessorfromUniversityCollege,Nottingham,ErnestWeekley,andwiththreeyoungchildren.Sheeloped（[i’ləup]runawaywith私奔）withLawrencetoherparents‘homeinMetz,agarrison（要塞）towntheninGermanynearthedisputedborderwithFrance.TheirstayhereincludedLawrence’sfirstbrush(conflict冲突)withmilitarism（[‘militərizəm]军国主义）,whenhewasarrestedandaccusedofbeingaBritishspy,beforebeingreleased，followinganintervention（干涉）fromFriedaWeekley’sfather.Afterthisencounter（遭遇）Lawrenceleftforasmallhamlet（村子）tothesouthofMunich（慕尼黑）,wherehewasjoinedbyWeekleyfortheir“honeymoon”,latermemorialized（[mə’mϽ:ri:əlaiz]纪念）intheseriesoflovepoemstitledLook!WeHaveComeThrough(1917).1912alsosawthefirstofLawrence‘sso-called“miningplays”,TheDaughter-in-Law,writteninNottinghamdialect.Theplaywasnevertobeperformed,orevenpublished,inLawrence’slifetime.Heandhiswifelivedmostlyabroad,inItaly,Australia,NewZealand,theSouthSeas,California,Mexico,andthenbacktotheEurope,movingfromplacetoplace.Death•Lawrencecontinuedtowritedespite