Unit 5 The Real Truth about Lies

Unit5TheRealTruthaboutLiesWarmingUp1.Whattopicsarehusbands,wives,boyfriendsandgirlfriendslikelytolieabout?2.Ifyouhavedonesomethingwrong,shouldyouconfessortellalieorkeepitsecret?3.Whendoyouthinkpeoplelie?4.Howwouldyoufeelifsomebodyliedtoyoufortakingcareofyourfeelings?PartOnevolunteer:apersonwhodoessth.withoutbeingpaidorforcedtodoit义务做，自愿做volunteersthfor/assth.adj:voluntaryeg:I'vebeenworkingasahelperatayouthclubsinceIstudiedatuniversity,asasortofvolunteer,withteenagers.profess:tostateopenlyaparticularbelief,feeling,etc.toclaimthatsth.istrueorcorrect.eg:Heprofessedtobeafamousmusician.earth-shattering:havingaverygreateffectandofgreatimportance.eg:Itisreallyanearth-shatteringdiscovery.Shatter:tobreakintosmallpieces.todestroyone'sfeelings,hopes,etc.eg:Thisaccidentmadehiswholeworldshatterintoamillionpieces.TheNewYearcelebrationinThailandwasshatteredbyviolence,whenninebombsexploedacrossBangkokaroundmidnight.feign:topretendtohaveacertainfeeling.eg:Someanimalsfeigndeathwhenindanger.synonym:pretendsparesb'sfeelings：不惹某人难受，避免触及某人的痛处eg:Inordertosparehisfeelings,weseldommentionhisfather.synonym:sparesb'sblushespreoccupation:astateofthinkingaboutsth.continuously;sth.amoodcausedbythinkingorworryingaboutsth.doingignoringeverythingelse.（心事重重，忧心忡忡）eg:Hesattheresliently,inastateofpreoccupation.adj:preoccupied心事重重的v:preoccupy使忧心忡忡prevarication:thestateofavoidinggivingadirectanswerormakingafrimdecision.eg:Hisprevaricationonthismattermadeusangry.bedevotedto:致力于，专心于characterizesb./sth.as：描述，刻画...的特征pundit:apersonwhohaslotsofknowledgeaboutasubject.synonym:anthority;expertconsulant:apersonwhocangiveexpertadviceproffessionally;高级顾问医师eg:Herhusbandisaconsulantoneconomicaffairs.specializein:专门研究，专门从事PartTwoubiquitous:seemingtobeeverywhere似乎无所不在的，十分普遍的，相当于“common”e.g.:Smokinginpublicisaubiquitousproblem.在公共场合吸烟是一个无处不在的问题。ubiquitously(adv)无处不在地ubiquity(n).普遍存在；到处存在Invariably:constantly,always一贯地，始终如一地e.g.:InvariablyIgetupat6:00inthemorning.我一贯早上六点钟起床。blurtout:脱口而出e.g.:Heblurtedoutthesecretbeforewecouldstophim.在我们制止他之前，他已将秘密脱口而出。compliment:(v).toexpressadmirationorpraiseofsb赞美；称赞(n).aremarkexpressingpraiseoradmirationofsb称赞，赞扬；恭维e.g.:Hecomplimentedheronherphysicspaper他称赞了她的物理论文。→complimentsbonsth赞美某人，称赞某人paysbacompliment对某人表示赞扬e.g.:herbosspaidheracomplimentonherdiligence.她的上司因她的勤勉对她大加赞赏。•Surely,these“nicelies”areharmlessandwellintended,anecessarysociallubricant.→ofcourse,these“nicelies”areharmlessandpeoplehavegoodintentionwhentellingtheselies,andsuchliescanhelppeopledealwithtroublesomesituations.当然这些“美好的谎言”是无害的，是善意的，也是社交必需的润滑剂。•Whatatangledwebweweave,whenfirstwepracticetodeceive.→whenwestarttotellalie,wewillenteraverycomplicatedsituation,asalieoftenrequiresotherliesuntilthewholestructureofliesbecomessocomplexthatwegettrapped.当我们第一次说谎时，我们便在编织一张错综复杂的谎言之网。tangled:complicated,andnoteasytounderstand复杂的e.g.Tangledinternationalenvironment.deceit:(n)dishonestbehaviorwhichisintendedtomakesb.believesththatisuntrue欺骗，欺诈行为deceive:(v)①tocausetobelievewhatisnottrue欺骗蒙骗②tomakesbhaveawrongideaaboutsb/sth误导e.g.:Hedeceivedherintohandingoverallhersavings.他把她所有的积蓄都骗了出来。deceiveoneself欺骗自己；误解deceivesbintodoingsth骗某人做某事deceptive(adj)欺骗性的deceitful(adj)骗人的，不诚实的deception（n)欺骗，蒙骗deceiver(n)骗子e.g.:Youaredeceivingyourselfifyouthinkhe’llgiveupsmoking.如果你认为他会戒烟，那你是在欺骗自己。PartThree•Weardown:①变小；变光滑；磨损；eg：Hisheelsalwaysweardownontheoutsidefirst.他的鞋跟总是先从外侧磨损。②使衰弱；使意志薄弱：eg：Wefinallyworehisoppositionafteranhour’sargument.争辩了一个小时后，我们终于使他的异议减弱了。–Distinction①adifferenceorcontrastbetweensimilarpeopleorthings差别；对比；区别：draw\makeadistinctionbetween对…加以区别eg：Weshouldmakeacleardistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.我们应该明辨是非。②adistinguishingqualityofbeingexcellentorimportant优秀；杰出；卓越：eg：asingerofdistinction优秀歌唱家•Coarsen•Tobecomeormakesth.becomethickerorrougher变厚；变粗糙：•Eg：Herhandswerecoarsenedbyhardwork.•繁重的劳动使她的双手变得粗糙了。•Perception①Theexcellentqualityofunderstanding洞察力；理解力：eg；Heshowedgreatperceptioninhisanalysisofeconomicissues.他对经济问题的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。②Thewayonenoticesthings感知；知觉;eg;Ourperceptionofrealitymakesusmature.对现实的认识让我们成熟。•Warp①Totwistoutofsth’snaturalshape（使）扭曲；弯曲；变形；Eg；thedoorframeshavebeguntowarp.门框已经开始变形了。②Tocausesb.Tobehaveinanunacceptableway使…不合情理Eg；Hisjudgmentwaswarpedbyself-interest.CONTENTS1Still,theendlessproliferationoftheselittleprevaricationsdoesmatter.Proliferationn.激增，涌现，增殖【例】Thepasttenyearshaswitenessedtheproliferationofpersonalcomputers.【联想】同族：proliferatev.迅速繁殖（或增殖）；猛增CONTENTS2Oncethey’vebecomecommonenough,eventhesmalluntruthsthatarenotmeanttohurtencourageacertaincynicismandlossoftrust.Cynicismn.愤世嫉俗【例】Inaworldfullofcynicismshefelttherewasnooneshecouldtrust.在这个人人都相互猜忌的世界里，她感到没有可以相信的人。本句为复合句，句子主干为eventhesmalluntruthsencourageacertaincynicismandlossoftrust.其中，once引导条件状语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰thesmalluntruths3“When[trust]isdamaged,”warnsBok,”thecommunityasawholesuffers;andwhenitisdestroyed,societiesfalterandcollapse.”Falterv.（1）衰弱，衰退，衰落（2）结巴地说，支吾其词（3）摇晃，蹒跚，畏缩PartFouratallcost不惜任何代价eg:Heisdeterminedtowintheatanycost在任何情况下，无论如何gameatallcost.atcost按成本，按成本价格refertosb./sth.（assth.）提及，谈及，说起e