英语句子结构分析.ppt

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney(四)划出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）(五)划出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?3.表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（（表语从句）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来)，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉），become,turn,get,grow…Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.•6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。•Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）•Heisourfriend.（代词）•Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）•Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）•Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)•Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)•TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）•Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）•Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）•YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）•(六)挑出下列句中的定语•①Whatisyourgivenname?•②OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.•③ItalkedwithamendressedinblueT-shirt.•④Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.•7.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）•Iwillgotheretomorrow.•Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.•Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.•HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.•Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.•Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.•Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.•Hegoestoschoolbybike.•Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.•(七)挑出下列句中的状语•①Therewasabigsmileonherface.•②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.•③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.•④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.•⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.8.同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。MrLin,ourheadmaster,isgivingusaspeech.Beijing,capitalofChina,isdevelopingfast.Theengineerhimselfrepairedit.Weallgotangry.Wetwowillgotoseeyou.Thenewsthathewillcomeistrue.