被动语态新

初中英语语法—被动语态TJ英语组单项、完形考题形式难点&重点一般过去时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态特点转换公式特殊语法：被动语态简介：语态分为主动语态和被动语态主动语态:施动者自己发出的动作。“把”Theyexperiencedaterribletsunami.被动语态:强调突出动作承受者。“被”Aterribletsuamiwasexperiencedbythem.被动语态结构是:be+done“被…”即：主+be+过去分词(P.P)+(bysb)Theywerehurtbythetsunami.能用被动语态的情况：（1）不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作执行者时。eg：Manypeoplewerekilled.(被杀了)能用被动语态的情况：（2）强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者时。Eg:Thestorywasfoundinthetsunami.这个故事是在海啸中被发现的.(强调故事被发现而不是强调由谁发现)（肯）Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（否）Englishisn’tspokenbymanypeople.被动语态的句式转换：（一般疑问句）---IsEnglishspokenbymanypeople?---Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.（特殊疑问句）(1)---Whom/WhoisEnglishspokenby?(2)---BywhomisEnglishspoken?---Manypeople.各种时态的被动语态及其具体结构如下表（下页）：Eg:TheGreatWallisvisitedbymanyforeignerseveryyear.（1）一般现在时的被动语态：is/am/are+doneEg:Thesubwayisbeingbuiltbyworkers.（2）现在进行时的被动语态：is/am/arebeingdoneEg:Thesubwayhasbeenfinishedbyworkers.（3）现在完成时的被动语态：have/hasbeendone（2）现在进行时的被动语态：Eg:Theclotheswerewashedbymymother.（4）一般过去式时的被动语态：was/were+doneeg:Thecomputerwasbeingusedat9:00yesterday.（5）过去进行时的被动语态：was/werebeingdone(那时正在被做)Eg:Thekindpeoplewillberewarded.Thebadpeopleshallbepunished.ThisdogisgoingtobesoldtoItaly.（6）一般将来时的被动语态：will/shallbedonebegoingtobedoneEg:Ourenvironmentmustbeprotectedbyeveryone.（7）含有情态动词的被动语态：can/should/must/maybedone时态被动语态结构一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时含有情态动词am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshall/will/begoingtobedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeendonecanbedone练习造句：（1）•bike•repair•Lucy•alreadyThebikehasbeenrepairedbyLucyalready.练习造句：（2）•dogs•can•lookafter•TomThedogscanbelookedafterbyTom.=ThedogscanbetakencareofbyTom3.主动语态中的主语在被动语态中变成bysb.主动语态变被动语态的方法：2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”1.把主动语态的宾语变被动语态的主语五种简单句ThebossmadeTomworkallnightlong.主语+系动词+表语Theboyisveryclever.主语+谓语（不及物动词）Heworksveryhard.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语ManypeoplespeakEnglish.主语+谓语+双宾语Mymothergavemesomemoneyyesterday.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补Eg:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.主谓宾结构被动语态的转换：bymanypeople.isspokenEnglish主谓bysb主谓宾主谓双宾结构被动语态的转换：Somemoneywasgiventomebymymotheryesterday.Eg：Mymothergavemesomemoneyyesterday.主语谓语宾语（人）宾语（物）Iwasgivensomemoneybymymotheryesterday.Mymothergavesomemoneytomeyesterday.主谓宾宾补结构被动语态的转换Iamgottentoplaygamesafterschoolbymymother.ThebossmadeTomworkallnightlong.主语谓语宾语宾补Tomwasmadetoworkallnightlongbytheboss.Mymothergetsmetoplaygamesafterschool.Iwasmadehappybytheinterestingstory.主谓宾宾补结构被动语态的转换IheardaboysinginginthenextroomyesterdayAboywasheardsinginginthenextroombymeyesterday.Theinterestingstorymademehappy.1.感官动词look/sound/taste/smell/feel等无被动语态。正确：Thecatfeelssoft.错误：Thecatisfeltsoft.（feel无被动）错误：Thecatisfeelingsoft.（feel无进行时）主动语态表被动语态常见动词2.当read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry,burn,cook,sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动的意义。Eg:Theclothwasheswell.Thebookssellquickly.Thischeesedoesn’tcuteasily.It’stoosoft.主动语态表被动语态常见动词3.need,want,require等词无被动needdoing（某事）需要被做(need为实意动词)=needtobedonee.g:Thedeskneedsmending.=Thedeskneedstobemended.needbedone(need为情态动词）e.g:Thedeskneedn’tbemended.主动语态表被动语态常见动词4.beworthdoing（某事）值得被做(主动表被动)e.g:这本书需要被读。Thebookisworthreading.正确Thebookisworthbeingread.不正确主动语态表被动语态常见动词1.被动语态还原to:常见的考点有：makesbdo----(sb)bemadetodoseesbdo----beseentodohearsbdo----beheardtodowatchsbdo----bewatchedtodonoticesbdo----benoticedtodo特殊考点Theboyisalwaysseen________inthesteet.A.playB.toplayC.playing答案：B有频率副词出现多用seesbdo，变被动语态时要补出to。2.不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语时，有被动语态。如takecare，look等为不及物动词或词组，无被动语态，但是takecareof,lookafter则为及物动词短语。e.g.Theoldshouldbetakencarebyus.(错误)Theoldshouldbetakencareofbyus.(正确)Theoldshouldbelookedafterbyus.(正确)特殊考点3.bedone=getdoneShedidthistoget/beelected.被选上特殊考点4.不及物动词无被动,常见词happen/takeplace/change等无被动语态。eg.Whathashappened?What’shappened?Whatishappened?不正确特殊考点Myhometown__________alotinthepastfewyears.A.hasbeenchangedB.haschangedC.waschanged答案：Binthepastfewyears是现在完成时标志change无被动语态。5.havesthdone让某事被做wantsthdone想让某事被做sth与done之间是被动Ihavehadmyhaircut.头发被剪Hewantshisclotheswashed.衣服被洗特殊考点---Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.---youareright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotecttheearthsinceEarthDay______.（哈2007中考26题单选）A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted解题技巧：Earthday与start的关系是被动---现完标志since---since后过去时答案：B---Peoplesaythesubway(地铁)________buildinginHarbininafewyears.---Sounds_________.Ihaveneverseenitbefore.（哈2008中考25题单选）A.willfinish;interestingB.isfinished;interestedC.willbefinished;interesting解题技巧：第一个空：subway与finish是被动关系+标志（inafewyears）=一般将来时的被动语态答案：CHappiness__39__whenwealwayshavenewdesireshardtosatisfy．(哈2009中考39题完形）A．can’tbefoundB．canbefoundC．canfind解题方法：Happiess与find是被动关系+when是状从标志(主情从现)---含有情态动词的被动语态答案：AIfyoufollowwhatismentionedabove,you___45___bypeoplearoundyou．(哈2010中考45题完形）A．willacceptB．won’tacceptC．willbeaccepted解题方法：标志bysb，因此是：一般将来时的被动语态答案：CBesides,inoursociety,mostproblemscan’tbe___41___byonepersonalone．(哈2012中考41题完形）A．solveB．solvedC．Solving答案：BThankyouforlistening!