新概念第三册lesson4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs

Lesson4ThedoublelifeofAlfredBloggs艾尔弗雷德·布落落斯的双重生活1.manualadj.体力的体力工作相关词：physicaladj.身体的,物质的Corporealadj.身体的脑力的mental；脑力工作mentalwork精神的智力的manualworkspiritualintellectualn.使用手册，说明书，指南Themanualisfullofterminologiesofscienceandtechnology.同义词：Guide,handbook,directorynotebook,instructionsmanual可拆为：manu-alManu-手工的-al形容词或名词词缀Manu-手工的manuscript手写稿Manufacture手工制作Manure（人工）施肥Manumit释放Manumission释放Maneuver调遣，演习Manu-反义词缀：Auto-自动Automatictransmission自动挡ATM(automatictellermachine)automobile汽车Autonomousregion自治区autism自闭症-al表形容词词缀思考有哪些？personal个人的（person人）continental大陆的（continent大陆）exceptional例外的（exception例外）regional地区性的（region地区）detrimental有害的（detriment损害，危害）-al表名词词缀hospitaln医院；survivaln生存，幸存rivaln竞争者criminaln犯罪分子（crime罪行）aboriginaln原始居民（ab+origin起源+al）muraln壁画（mur墙+al）cerealn谷物（cere谷+al）dismissaln解雇（dismiss解雇）withdrawaln撤退；撤消（with相反+draw拉+al）refusaln拒绝（refuse拒绝）appraisaln评价，评估（appraise评价）2.collarWhite-collar白领蓝领blue-collar金领golden-collars粉领pink-collars（工作高雅的女士，如模特，空姐等）灰领gray-collars（尤指服务行业）3.sacrificeTogivesb.Sth.thatyouwouldprefertokeep)vt.牺牲，献出把某人的生命献给国家sacrificeone'slifeforthecountry牺牲时间sacrificetimesacrificen.牺牲，祭品，献祭makemanysacrificesSacrificesthtosb/sth舍弃……以得到；为……牺牲Doyouapproveofsacrificingcomforttoappearance.你赞同为了表面好看而不考虑其舒服吗？4.privilegeAdvantage/specialrightn.好处，优惠，特殊的荣幸，特权福利和优惠：sacrificeone'sadvantage/privilege牺牲掉自己的好处givesbtheprivilegeofdoingsth特许某人做某事benefitsandprivilegesItwasaprivilegeto很荣幸做某事，……是一种殊荣听她唱歌真是三生有幸。Itwasaprivilegetohearhersing.结识阁下，实在是三生有幸。It’smygreatprivilegetomakeyouracquaintance.privilegedadj.荣幸的=honoredbeprivilegedtodosth=Itwasaprivilegeto荣幸地去做……；有特权做……Weareprivilegedtonighttohaveourheadmasterasourspeaker.Privilege可拆为Pri-vilegePri-个人，私自Privacy秘密，情景Private私人的，安静的Deprive剥夺（某人的权利），使……失去5.dustmann.清洁工同义词：garbagecollectorgarbagemantrashmansanitaryengineer垃圾桶：Trashcan(AmE.)Dustbin(BrE.)6.corporationn.公司跨国公司/集团Multinationalcorporation/group近义词：Firm商行afirmofaccountants会计师事务所enterprise企业合资企业joint-ventureenterprise国企Stated-ownedenterprise乡镇企业Townenterprise个体户Self-employedenterprise家族式企业Family-runenterprise7.showern.沐浴；阵雨Take/haveashower洗淋浴Becaughtinshower遇到阵雨引申意：Meteorshower流星雨Ashowerofletters/questions/criticism大量的信问题评论Ashowerofrain/laughter/bullets一阵雨阵阵笑声枪林弹雨Shower同义词：bathe沐浴cascade瀑布deluge大洪水downpour倾盆大雨cloudburst倾盆大雨8.secret短语：keepsecret保密insecret私下里=secretly,inprivate,privatelyIwastoldaboutitinsecret.inthesecret知道内情HewasinthesecretfromthebeginningMakenosecretof不隐瞒近义词：Confidential机密的9.statusn.地位，情形，状态Ahigh/lowstatusinsociety高的/低的社会地位状况就业状况婚姻状况收入状况Employmentstatusmaritalstatusfinancialstatusstatus易混词：Statue；Stature；Statutestatue雕像，雕塑Stature身材，身高，声望Statute法令，法规Stature身材，身高，声望她母亲身材矮小，只有5英尺高。Hermotherwasofsmallstature,barelyfivefeettall.谁能否认他是世界上最伟大的大提琴演奏家呢？Whocandenyhisstatureastheworld’sgreatestCellist？Statute法令，法规这项法令的唯一目的就是要促进矿业开采。Thesolepurposeofthisstatuteistopromotemining.10.关于结婚marry强调动作Hemarriedthegirl.他娶了这个女孩。getmarried强调过程Lastyeartheygotmarried.bemarriedtosb强调状态Theoldmanhasbeenmarriedtohiswifefor50years.11.referto...asreferto...as=regard...as把...看作为Ialwaysrefertohimasbookworm（n.书呆子）12.giveriseto=leadto=cause=resultin导致，引起这样的行为可能会引起误解。Suchconductmightgiverisetomisunderstandings.Thebadconditionshavegivenrisetoalotofcrimes.13.inthecaseof=concerningprep.关于,涉及,就...说Stealingisnoshameinthecaseofhim.incaseof（副词）万一,以防Youshouldensureyourhouseincaseoffire.Takeanumbrellaincaseofrain.Worth（adj.）adj.后接名词，代词，数字或v-ing形式1.值……钱OurhouseisworthaboutXXRMB.2.worthsth/doingsth(指行动)值得，有价值这家博物馆当然值得参观。Themuseumiscertainlyworthavisit.这个想法值得考虑。Thisideaiswellworthconsidering.Worth（n.）1.worthofsth价值XX的东西；能用XX之久的东西Thewinnerwillreceivetenpounds'worthofbooks.Thisarmchairispromisedtobeworthof3years.2.价值;意义;作用Theircontributionwasofgreatworth.worthyadj.1.作前置定语Thisisaworthyarticle.这是一篇值得一看的文章。2.作后置定语时，用“worthyof+名词”结构。①Thereisnothingworthyofmention.没有值得一提的事情。②Thisisbehaviorworthyofpraise.这是值得称赞的行为。worthyadj.2.beworthyof（doing）sth值得(或应得)的部长说这个想法值得考虑TheMinistersaystheideaisworthyofconsideration.这种现象值得研究。Thisphenomenonisworthyofbeingstudied.3.Beworthytobedone某事值得（被）做Thisproblemisworthytobeconsidered.这个问题值得考虑。Thefilmisworthytobeseenagain.这部电影值得再看一遍。部分倒装部分倒装定义：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1.否定副词位于句首时用部分倒装。never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,nolonger,nowhere等。Ishallneverforgivehim.我永远不会宽恕他。=NevershallIforgivehim.Heseldomgoesoutfordinner.他很少出去吃饭=Seldomdoeshegooutfordinner.Shehardlyhastimetolistentomusic.=Hardlydoesshehavetimetolistentomusic.她几乎没时间听音乐。他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。（little）Helittlerealizeshowimportantthismeetingis.=Littledoesherealizehowimportantthismeetingis.我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。（nosooner…than）Wehadnosoonerreachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff.=Nosoonerhadwereachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff.【注意】(1)对于not…until句型，当notuntil…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：Hedidn’tleavetheroomuntiltherainstopped.=Notuntiltherainstoppeddidheleavetheroom.(2)部分起副词作用的介词短语，后用部分倒装：Onnoaccountsmustthisswitchbetouched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In[Under]nocircumstanceswillIlendmoneytohim.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，innotime(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：