高考英语语法专题复习课件-冠词的用法

2010高考英语《语法》专题复习系列课件13《冠词的用法》冠词的用法：什么是“冠”词？？–冠词Thewomanwithalargehatonherheadisbeautiful.•冠词，顾名思义，就是戴在名词头上的一顶帽子。它是虚词，本身不能单独使用，只能附在一个名词上帮助说明这名词的含义。英语中冠词有两个，一是定冠词（theDefiniteArticle），翻译成“这个”或“这些”；一是不定冠词（theIndefiniteArticle）•译作“一个”或“一类”•比如：我们说“书”用“book”是对的，但是，放在一个句子里，如：•Thereisbookonthedesk.•ThisisbookIboughtthere.•以上两句就是错句∧a∧the定语从句•不定冠词的基本用法：•1。用来表示“一”这个数量，意思和one差不多•Eg:Romewasnotbuiltinaday.•Theworkwillbefinishedinadayortwo.•2。也可以用来表示“某一个”•Thispoemwaswrittenbyapeasant.•Anurseiscomingtoseeyou.•3.代表一类人或东西•Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.•Ahorseisausefulanimal.•4.在作表语的名词前加不定冠词的情形很多，主要说明某个人或东西属于哪一类。•Themanisanengineer.•Isthisabookoramagazine?•5.用在一些固定搭配中和习惯用法中，要注意记忆！•allofasudden=suddenly•asamatteroffact=infact•inahurryatatimepayavisitto•playatrickonhaveatry•playajokeonhavearesttakealook•StudyingEnglishisamust.•It’sreallyabargain.•akindof•asortof•alotof=lotsof•anumberof=numbersof•alargequantityof=largequantitiesof•agreatdealof•Itisapleasure.=It’smypleasure.•Asawriter,heisagreatsuccess.•Themeetingprovestobeafailure.•Youreallygavemeasurprise.•Whatapity/shame!•注意“a”和“an”•aboyanhour•aheroanisland•ausefultoolanhonestgirl•auniversityaneffectivemethod•元音音素发音的词前用“an”•_____Europeancountry•Thereis____”s”inthisword.•Thereis____silent“b”inthisword.aana使用定冠词的场合：•1。特指某些人和物•BeijingisthecapitalofthePRC.•2。指谈话双方都知道的人和物•Pleaseopenthedoor.•3。指前文中提到的人和事•Imetagirlyesterday.Thegirlisanurse.•4。用在世界上独一无二的事情或方位的名词前。•Theearthmovesroundthesun.•5.用在单数可数名词前，用来表示一类人或事。•Thetigerisindangerofdyingout.•ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.•6。用在序数词和形容词最高级前•Hedirectedthefirstandalsothebestfilminhiscountry.•7。用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉和群岛的名称前•theYellowRiverthePacificOcean•8。用在某些由普通名词和其它一些词组成的专有名词前:theGreatWall•9.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人•theTurnerstheGreenstheSmiths•TheLis•10。在某些国名前•theUnitedStatestheUnitedKingdom•11。在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事•thepoor/rich/dead/living/wounded•12。表示朝代和年代的词前•theMingDynastyinthe1980‘s•13。在好多习惯用法中•inthemorning/afternoon/evening•intheendinthebeginning•attheendofatthebeginningof•Inthefrontofinthemiddleof•onthecontraryontheotherhand•Inthehopeof不用冠词的场合•1。在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词：•ThiskindofmachineismadeinChina.•Glasscanbemadeintobottles.•withouthesitation/delay/mercy•2.在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前，一般不用冠词•Shelikesreadingstories.•Theyareallteachers.•Childrenlikeholidays.•3。名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，不再用冠词•Ourcountryisasocialistone.•---Haveyouanysister?•--No,Ihavenosister.•Peter’sbrotherisanengineer.•4。在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前一般不用冠词•但是在中国的传统节日前要用冠词•NationalDayMayDay•NewYear’sDaySundayspringJune•theMid-autumnFestival•theSpringFestival•theDragon-boatFestival•theLanternFestival•5。担任的头衔、职务的名词在句子中作表语、补语和同位语时，要省略冠词：•AbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUS.•Heischairmanofthemeeting.•XiaoLi,monitorofourclass,oftenhelpsme.•比较：•Waterboilsat100C•Thewaterinthiswellhasbeenpolluted.•Ilikedrinkingtea.•Long-jingisawonderfultea.•Coffeeisservedhere.•I’dlikethreeblackcoffees.•Failureisthemotherofsuccess.•TheAsianGamesisagreatsuccess.•在好多固定搭配中：•husbandandwifebodyandsoul•knifeandforkdayandnight•afterschool/class/work•gotohospital/work/school/prison…•infrontofattableonfootbycar•gototown•outofquestion•在三餐饭，球类和棋类游戏名词前