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1英语非谓语动词总结一、不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"to动词原形",to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点:1.具有动词的特点,因此,后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。一、动词不定式作主语1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)2.It'shardforus_____Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。Itwill______theworkersoverayear_________theflyover.(北京市海淀区)4.It'sverynice_____youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to(安徽省)[简析]动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:(1)Itis形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis名词(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis形容词(forsb)todosth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、动词不定式作宾语1.Hewants___somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)3.Hefounditverydifficult___A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)Keys:1.C2.A3.D[简析]在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肃省)Key:1.B2.C[简析]不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等。四、动词不定式作状语1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)Key:1.A2.C2[简析]go,come,try,do/tryone'sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)5.Mymotherwasveryglad___heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meetsKeys:3.D4.B5.A[简析]"be形容词todosth"结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式。6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改为意思相同的句子)Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.(广东省)7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改为意思相同的句子)Theiceonthelakewasn't____enough__people______________.(广东省)Keys:6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on[简析]在上述"too形容词/副词(forsb)todo…"(太……而不能……)和"enough(forsb)todo…"(足以、足够……做……)结构中,不定式作结果状语。五、动词不定式作定语1.Wouldyoulikesomething____?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山东省)[简析]不定式作定语时,常放在被修饰的词语之后,与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六、不带to的动词不定式1.Wesawhim___thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem__verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陕西省)4.Iwasmade___myhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.didKey:1.B2.D3.C4.C[简析]1.在see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在"hadbetter"后面接不带to的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式1.MrBlackaskedtheman________thequeue.A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didn'tjumpD.notjump(广西壮族自治区)2.Theoldmantoldthechild______noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北省)3.Thereisgoingto______animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry______late.A.have,nottobeB.have,notbeC.be,nottobeD.be,notbe(内蒙古自治区)Key:1.A2.B3.C[简析]动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1.Pleasestop____arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西)2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?3——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop___(walk).(用所给单词的正确形式填空[简析]一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:"stoptodosth"意为"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事","stopdoingsth"意为"停止正在做的事":"remembertodosth"意为"记住去做某事"(事还未做),"rememberdoingsth"意为"记得做过某事"(事已做):"goontodosth"意为"接着做某事"(做完一事,接着做另一事),"goondoingsth"意为"继续做某事"(一事未做完接着往下做):"forgettodosth"意为"忘了做某事"(事还未做),"forgetdoingsth"意为"忘了曾做过某事"(事已做)。5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建省)6.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen(黑龙江省)Key:5.B6.A[简析]在see,hear,watch,feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束),用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?Yes,______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo(浙江省)2.Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,I'mgladC.Yes,I'dlovetoD.I'dlike(大连市)Keys:1.D2.C[简析]在口语中,动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时,第二个动词不定式可以省略,但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于"begladto","wouldlike(love)to","haveto"等结构中。十、动词不定式的被动式和其他形式Thenewhospital______isnearthefactory.A.buildB.buildsC.tobuildD.tobebuilt(青海省)Key:D[简析]当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时,用动词不定式的被动式,即:tob
本文标题:初中英语非谓语动词总结
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