《美国文学》本杰明和爱默生

Unit1BenjaminFranklin小组成员：周梅丽郭秋玲张琦詹颖欣Franklin'sAutobiography《自传》PoorRichard'sAlmanac《格言历书》TheWaytoWealth《财富之路》ArticlesofBeliefandActsofReligionBagatellesfromPassyCoolThoughtsonThePresentSituationofOurPublicAffairs❀MajorWorksBenjaminFranklin’swritingstyleisplainandpragmatic,almostjournalistic.Hesummarizedhimselfinashortparagraph:“Thewordsusedshouldbethemostexpressivethatthelanguageaffords,providedthattheyarethemostgenerallyunderstood.Nothingshouldbeexpressedintwowordsthatcanaswellbeexpressedinone:thatis,nosynonymsshouldbeused,orveryrarely,butthewholeshouldbeasshortaspossible,consistentwithclearness:thewordsshouldbeplacedastobeagreeabletotheearinreading;summarily,itshouldbesmooth,clearandshort,forthecontraryqualitiesaredispleasing.”❀WritingStyleFranklin'sautobiographyisoneofthegreatestautobiographiesinliterature,andtowersoverotherautobiographiesasFranklintoweredoverothermen.“---WilliamDeanHowellsin1905Franklin'sAutobiographyhasreceivedwidespreadpraise,bothforitshistoricalvalueasarecordofanimportantearlyAmericanandforitsliterarystyle.ItisoftenconsideredthefirstAmericanbooktobetakenseriouslybyEuropeansasliterature.❀influenceMemorialmarblestatueBenjaminFranklinNationalMemorialAmarblestatueofBenjaminFranklinstandsintheatriumofBenjaminFranklinHighSchoolinNewOrleansBenjaminFranklinonthefirstUSpostagestamp,1847FranklinonthehundreddollarbillTheimageofBenjaminFranklin,thefirstPostmasterGeneraloftheUnitedStates,occursonthefaceofU.S.PostagestampsmorethananyothernotableAmerican,savethatofGeorgeWashington.BenjaminFranklinonU.S.Postageissueof1861issueof1895issueof1903issueof1918Unit3RalphWaldoEmerson❀MajorWorksNature《论自然》1836TheAmericanScholar《论美国学者》1837DivinitySchoolAddress《神学院演讲》1838TheOversoul《论超灵》1841SelfReliance《论自立》1841Essays:FirstSeries《散文一集》1841Essays:SecondSeries《散文二集》1844Poems《诗集》1846RepresentativeMen《代表人物》1850EnglishTraits《英国人的特性》1856TheConductofLife《人生的行为》1860May-DayandOtherPieces《五月节》1867Emersonwroteonanumberofsubjects,neverespousingfixedphilosophicaltenets,butdevelopingcertainideassuchasindividuality,freedom,theabilityforhumankindtorealizealmostanything,andtherelationshipbetweenthesoulandthesurroundingworld.Emerson'swritingstylewasTranscendentalist.Theybelievedthatthenaturalworldheldspiritualtruths,andanoptimisticviewofthehumanspirit.features:concise;effective;prose;poetry;❀WritingStyleNewEnglandTranscendentalismisimportanttoAmericanliteratureatleastfortworeasons.Ontheonehand,itisrepresentedbytwomajorwritersofthecountry----EmersonandThoreau.Ontheotherhand,anewgroupofwritersundertheinfluenceofEmersonandThoreaubegantoapplytranscendentalideasintheirworks.❀influenceEmerson’spositioninAmericanliterature:HisgreatestcontributiontoAmericanliteratureandcultureliesinthefactthathefirmlyadvocatedtheestablishmentofanindependentnationalliteratureandculture.Agreatprose-poet,EmersoninfluencedalonglineofAmericanpoets,includingWaltWhitman,EmilyDickinson,EdwinArlingtonRobinson,WallaceStevens,HartCrane,andRobertFrost.HeisalsocreditedwithinfluencingthephilosophiesofJohnDewey,GeorgeSantayana,FriedrichNietzsche,andWilliamJames.Thankyou!