疫苗产品基础知识培训手册(2008年版)

VaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining1基础知识培训手册2008版仅供内部培训使用VaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining2目录1.感染与疾病1.1介绍……………………………………………………………………51.2病毒……………………………………………………………………101.3细菌……………………………………………………………………191.4流行病学………………………………………………………………311.5抗击传染性疾病………………………………………………………392.免疫2.1介绍……………………………………………………………………482.2先天性免疫……………………………………………………………512.3后天性免疫……………………………………………………………552.4抗体介导免疫…………………………………………………………642.5细胞介导免疫…………………………………………………………772.6免疫病理学……………………………………………………………843.疫苗学3.1被动和主动免疫………………………………………………………933.2疫苗种类………………………………………………………………1013.3疫苗检测………………………………………………………………1163.4疫苗的使用……………………………………………………………129VaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining3感染与疾病VaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining41.感染与疾病什么引起感染?感染如何引起疾病?什么时候感染引起疾病?1.1Introduction1.2Viruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseaseQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining5介绍1.1IntroductionTheproblemSomestatisticsAchangingscene1.2Viruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseaseQuizone乙肝病毒白日咳杆菌麻疹病毒破伤风杆菌白喉杆菌VaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining6在20世纪末引起死亡的病因01020304050全部百分比全球工业化国家发展中国家感染性疾病的问题1.1IntroductionTheproblemSomestatisticsAchangingscene1.2Viruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseaseQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining7一些统计数字1.1IntroductionTheproblemSomestatisticsAchangingscene1.2Viruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseaseQuizone1975-1999年报告的脊灰病例200004000060000197519801985199019952000VaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining8一些统计数字1975-1999年全球疫苗接种覆盖率100%80%60%40%20%198019851990199520001.1IntroductionTheproblemSomestatisticsAchangingscene1.2Viruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseaseQuizoneMeaslesDTPBCGVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining9正在变化的情况挑战:•新的感染性疾病•老的传染病死灰复燃•耐药•传染病向新领域的播散•在控制不利地区传染病的播散1.1IntroductionTheproblemSomestatisticsAchangingscene1.2Viruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseaseQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining10病毒本章涉及的题目是:•病毒的结构与分类•病毒如何复制•病毒如何引起疾病•一些重要病毒和它们引起的疾病1.1Introduction1.2VirusesGeneraldescriptionClassificationReplicationVirusesanddiseaseViraldiseasesSomeimportantviruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseasesQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining11一般描述病毒外膜(蛋白,糖蛋白或脂蛋白)衣壳(蛋白)病毒核心(DNA或RNA)1.1Introduction1.2VirusesGeneraldescriptionClassificationReplicationVirusesanddiseaseViraldiseasesSomeimportantviruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseasesQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining12分类甲肝病毒脊灰病毒流感病毒麻疹病毒腮腺炎病毒风疹病毒疱疹病毒乙肝病毒1.1Introduction1.2VirusesGeneraldescriptionClassificationReplicationVirusesanddiseaseViraldiseasesSomeimportantviruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseasesQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining13复制1.1Introduction1.2VirusesGeneraldescriptionClassificationReplicationVirusesanddiseaseViraldiseasesSomeimportantviruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseasesQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining14复制1.1Introduction1.2VirusesGeneraldescriptionClassificationReplicationVirusesanddiseaseViraldiseasesSomeimportantviruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseasesQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining15病毒与疾病病毒能够:•损害和摧毁细胞–例如流感•干扰细胞生长–例如先天性风疹,肿瘤•激活免疫反应来摧毁被感染细胞–例如甲型肝炎1.1Introduction1.2VirusesGeneraldescriptionClassificationReplicationVirusesanddiseaseViraldiseasesSomeimportantviruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseasesQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining16病毒感染的特征局部例如流感,轮状病毒•病毒在入口处复制•在感染的1-3天出现局部症状和体征全身例如麻疹•病毒通过全身播散感染器官和组织•在1-3周出现全身症状和体征1.1Introduction1.2VirusesGeneraldescriptionClassificationReplicationVirusesanddiseaseViraldiseasesSomeimportantviruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseasesQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining17一些重要的病毒甲肝乙肝贺福立适(双福立适,Hepatyrix)安在时(双福立适,Tritanrix&Infanrixcombos)病毒疾病GSK疫苗麻疹腮腺炎风疹普祥立适(Rimevax,Eolarix)普祥立适普祥立适(Ervevax,Eolarix)1.1Introduction1.2VirusesGeneraldescriptionClassificationReplicationVirusesanddiseaseViraldiseasesSomeimportantviruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseasesQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining18一些重要的病毒病毒疾病GSKVACCINE(S)水痘流感脊灰威可檬福禄立适,Influsplit,AlpharixPolioSabin(Infanrixcombos)1.1Introduction1.2VirusesGeneraldescriptionClassificationReplicationVirusesanddiseaseViraldiseasesSomeimportantviruses1.3Bacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseasesQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining19细菌本章涉及的题目是:•细菌的结构和分类•细菌如何繁殖•细菌如何引起疾病•一些重要细菌和它们引起的疾病1.1Introduction1.2Viruses1.3BacteriaGeneraldescriptionStructureMultiplicationBacteriaanddiseaseBacterialdiseasesSomeimportantbacteria1.4Epidemiology1.5CombatinginfectiousdiseaseQuizoneVaccinesProductTrainingVaccinesProductTraining20一般描述细胞壁基因物质(DNA)核糖体胞浆细胞膜1.1Introduction1.2Viruses1.3BacteriaGeneraldescriptionStructureMultiplicationBacteriaanddiseaseBacterialdiseasesSomeimportant