动词不定式的被动语态课件

ThePassiveInfinitive一、主动语态与被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Model:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.（主动语态）Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成：be+done（过去分词）１、一般现在时：amisdoneare２、一般过去时：wasdonewere.ThePassiveVoice3.现在完成时:havebeendonehas4.现在进行时:amisbeingdoneare5.一般将来时：willbedoneshall6.含有情态动词:canmaymustbedoneshouldhaveto一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构:be+done（以thebook,publish为例）一般现在/过去时：Thebook____________________.一般/过去将来时:Thebook_________________________.Thebook__________________________.现在/过去进行时：Thebook__________________________.现在/过去完成时:Thebook___________________________.情态动词：Thebook_______________________________.is/waspublishedwill/wouldbepublishedis/wasgoingtobepublishedis/wasbeingpublishedhas/hadbeenpublishedcan/could/may/might…bepublished1.Bananas____________inHainan.(海南种植香焦。）2.Manymoretrees________________inourschoolnextyear.（我们学校明年将种更多的树。）3._____thetrees_________byhim?这些树是他种的吗？4.Youngtrees_____________________________(必须照看好小树）5.Thebuilding_____________________(那栋楼房正在建设中。）6.Thehomework_______________.（家作已经做完了。）aregrownwillbeplantedWereplantedmustbelookedafter.isbeingbuilt.hasbeenfinished在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。Suddenlyashoutwasheard.Iwasbornin1998.Thenewcarwasstolen.应该采取措施保护环境。Measuresshouldbetakentoprotectenviroment.主动形式表被动含义：1need(wantrequire,deserve,etc.)doing=need(wantrequire,deserve,etc.)tobedoneE.g.你的作业需要按时完成．Yourhomeworkwantsfinishingontime.=Yourhomeworkwantstobefinishedontime.2beworthdoing=beworthytobedoneE.g.他是值得我们大家信任的．Heisworthtrusting=Heisworthytobetrusted.2某些不及物动词如carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,write,etc.用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性，且和副词well,easily,smoothly等连用时，常用主动结构表示被动含义。E.g.这本字典很好卖．Thedictionarysellswell.这只笔很好写.Thepenwritessmoothly.二、动词不定式的被动语态1.何时用PassiveinfinitiveThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.2.形式：1）一般式（not/never）tobedone2）完成式（not/never）tohavebeendone（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）不定式的逻辑主语是不定式表示动作的承受者时。e.g.Heorderedthebridgetobebuiltwithinthemonth.他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般被动式)Shewasgladtohavebeengivensomuchhelp.得到如此多的帮助,她很高兴。(完成被动式)1.It’sanhonourtobeinvitedtotheceremony.2.Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.3.Hisdreamwastobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.4.Therearealotofthingstobediscussed.5.Shewassenttheretobetrainedforthespaceflight.作主语作宾语作表语作定语作状语3·不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分1.Thedishesneed2.ThemailisintendedSentenceMakingwashsendtobewashed.tobesent.3.Thesingerrefused4.Thehouseisphotographselltobephotographed.tobesold.5.Thewallisexpectedpainttobepainted.frighten6.Thebirdseemstobefrightened.Ihavesomeletters______towrite.我有一些信要写。Frank应该为打破玻璃负责。（blame）Frankis___________forbreakingtheglass.toblame动词不定式主动表示被动？4.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,Hehasnothingtoeat.分析：eat动→nothing宾/he主→eat谓Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.分析：_____动→________宾/_____主→_____谓这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.★比较：Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打印：Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(意思为：Igetsb.totypetheletter)1)I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Haveyouanyclothes____________(wash),sir?”askedthemaid.3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。2)在“主语+表语（形容词）todo”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（分析：answer(动)------thisquestion（宾））★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。Johnisdifficulttodealwith.（分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。dealwithJohnThearmchairiscomfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout3).一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。例如：Thehouseistolet．Ifeltlwastoblame.1.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputerto____________(repair).2.Iknewhim___________________(catch)bythepolice.3.Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Thismakesitpossibleforthem________(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes.5.Dickspedonthemotorwayonly____________(fine).6.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it.berepairedtohavebeencaughttobetakentomaketohavestolentobefined练习7.Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.8.Thebookissaidto____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages.9.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________________(welcome)intotheirsociety.10.Comeon!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate).11.WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_____________.(read)12.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____________(receive)intimeforChristmas.13.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking.totranslatetobewelcomedhavebeentranslatedtobeadmittedbereadingtobereceivednottodrive14.Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited____________(speak).15.Ithappened______________(rain)whenIgotthere.16.Iamterriblysorry___________(lose)yourkey.17.Iamsorry__________(say)thatheisgoingfrombadtoworse.18.Heasked______________(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded.19.Whathehopedwas______________(admit)intotheuniversity20.Hegottothestationonly________(find)alltheticketshadbeensoldout.21.Iamsorry________________(keep)youwaitingsolong