美国诗人Robert Frost的诗歌赏析

AppreciationofFrost’sPoetryTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth.Andbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;ThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame.黄叶林中分出两条小路，可惜我一人不能同时涉足,我在路口伫立良久，向着其中一条翘首极目，直到它消失在丛林深处。但我选择了另一条路，芳草待踏，分外幽寂同样显得诱人、美丽，虽然这两条路是如此相似,都几乎没有旅人的足迹。(fromMountainInterval)视频AndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI—ItooktheonelesstraveledbyAndthathasmadeallthedifference.那天清晨落叶满地，两条都是未经脚步践踏的小径，呵，留下一条路等下次再走但我知道路径延绵没有尽头,恐怕一走就再难回首。也许多年后在某地，我回首往事轻声叹息，两条道路分散在树林里——而我选择的那条更少人迹，从此决定了我人生的迥异。Thispoemseemstobeaboutthepoet,walkinginthewoodsinautumn,hesitatingforalongtimeandwonderingwhichroadheshouldtakesincetheyarebothpretty.Inreality,thisisameditativepoemsymbolicallywritten.Itconcernstheimportantdecisionswhichonemusttakeinthecourseoflife,whenonemustgiveuponedesirablethinginordertopossessanother.Thetheme:Thepoemhas4stanzasandeachhasarhymeschemeofabaab.Thepoemisamonologue（独白）byonewhoisuncertainabouthischoicesometimeago.Inthefirststanzahetalksaboutthechoicebeforehim:2roadsdivergedinayellowwood.Inthesecondstanzathechoicehasbeenmadebecauseheiscourageousandindependent.Inthethirdstanzathespeakertalksoftheuntroddenroadandhisuncertaintiesaboutthelimitsoflife.Theninthelaststanzathespeakerbecomesconvincedaboutthetruthinlife:“Itooktheonelesstraveledby,/Andthathasmadeallthedifference”.Thepoempresentstheprocessofmakingchoiceandhavingdoubt,vividlyrevealingthetruthinametaphoricway.Thestructure:WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.Hishouseisinthevillage,though;HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.我想我认识树林的主人他家住在林边的农村；他不会看见我暂停此地，欣赏他披上雪装的树林。我的小马准抱着个疑团：干嘛停在这儿，不见人烟，在一年中最黑的晚上，停在树林和冰湖之间。（fromNewHampshire）HegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake.Theonlyothersound'sthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake.Thewoodsarelovely,dark,anddeep,ButIhavepromisestokeep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.它摇了摇颈上的铃铎，想问问主人有没有弄错。除此之外唯一的声音是风飘绒雪轻轻拂过。树林真可爱，既深又黑，但我有许多诺言不能违背，还要赶多少路才能安睡，还要赶多少路才能安睡。♫FrostusesthekindoffamiliarNewEnglanddetailsthatconstitutethispoetryformorethandescriptivepurposes.♫Theformisregulariambictetrameter(four-beatlines);therhymeschemeisafairlycomplexone,aaba,bbcb,ccdc,anddddd.♫AlthoughFrost’sstrategyistotalkaboutparticulareventsandindividualexperience,hispoemsevokeuniversalissues.Frost’sNewEnglandlandscapesaretheoccasionratherthantheultimatefocusofthispoem.Somethingthereisthatdoesn'tloveawall有一点什么，它大概是不喜欢墙，Thatsendsthefrozen-ground-swellunderit,它使得墙脚下的冻地涨得隆起，Andspillstheupperbouldersinthesun;大白天的把墙头石块弄得纷纷落：Andmakesgapseventwocanpassabreast.使得墙裂了缝，二人并肩都走得过。Theworkofhuntersisanotherthing:绅士们行猎时又是另一番糟蹋：Ihavecomeafterthemandmaderepair他们要掀开每块石头上的石头，Wheretheyhaveleftnotonestoneonastone,我总是跟在他们后面去修补，Buttheywouldhavetherabbitoutofhiding,但是他们要把兔子从隐处赶出来，(fromNorthofBoston)Topleasetheyelpingdogs.ThegapsImean,讨好那群汪汪叫的狗。我说的墙缝Noonehasseenthemmadeorheardthemmade,是怎么生的，谁也没看见，谁也没听见Butatspringmending-timewefindthemthere.但是到了春季补墙时，就看见在那里。Iletmyneighbourknowbeyondthehill;我通知了住在山那边的邻居；Andonadaywemeettowalktheline有一天我们约会好，巡视地界一番，Andsetthewallbetweenusonceagain.在我们两家之间再把墙重新砌起。Wekeepthewallbetweenusaswego.我们走的时候，中间隔着一垛墙。Toeachthebouldersthathavefallentoeach.落在各边的石头，由各自去料理。Andsomeareloavesandsomesonearlyballs有些是长块的，有些几乎圆得像球．Wehavetouseaspelltomakethembalance:需要一点魔术才能把它们放稳当：Staywhereyouareuntilourbacksareturned!““老实呆在那里，等我们转过身再落下！”Wewearourfingersroughwithhandlingthem.我们搬弄石头．把手指都磨粗了。Oh,justanotherkindofout-doorgame,啊！这不过又是一种户外游戏，Oneonaside.Itcomestolittlemore:一个人站在一边。此外没有多少用处：Therewhereitiswedonotneedthewall:在墙那地方，我们根本不需要墙：HeisallpineandIamappleorchard.他那边全是松树，我这边是苹果园。Myappletreeswillnevergetacross我的苹果树永远也不会踱过去Andeattheconesunderhispines,Itellhim.吃掉他松树下的松球，我对他说。Heonlysays,Goodfencesmakegoodneighbours.“他只是说：“好篱笆造出好邻家。Springisthemischiefinme,andIwonder春天在我心里作祟，我在悬想IfIcouldputanotioninhishead:能不能把一个念头注入他的脑里：Whydotheymakegoodneighbours?Isn'tit“为什么好篱笆造出好邻家？是否指着Wheretherearecows?Butheretherearenocows.有牛的人家？可是我们此地又没有牛。BeforeIbuiltawallI'dasktoknow我在造墙之前．先要弄个清楚，WhatIwaswallinginorwallingout,圈进来的是什么，圈出去的是什么，AndtowhomIwasliketogiveoffence.并且我可能开罪的是些什么人家，Somethingthereisthatdoesn'tloveawall,有一点什么，它不喜欢墙，Thatwantsitdown.IcouldsayElvestohim,它要推倒它。”我可以对他说这是“鬼”。Butit'snotelvesexactly,andI'drather但严格说也不是鬼．我想这事还是Hesaiditforhimself.Iseehimthere由他自己决定吧。我看见他在那里Bringingastonegraspedfirmlybythetop搬一块石头，两手紧抓着石头的上端，Ineachhand,likeanold-stonesavagearmed.像一个旧石器时代的武装的野蛮人。Hemovesindarknessasitseemstome,我觉得他是在黑暗中摸索，Notofwoodsonlyandtheshadeoftrees.这黑暗不仅是来自深林与树荫。Hewillnotgobehindhisfather'ssaying,他不肯探究他父亲传给他的格言Andhelikeshavingthoughtofitsowell他想到这句格言，便如此的喜欢，Hesaysagain,Goodfencesmakegoodneig