【2019·全国卷I】完形填空详解及全文翻译

1【2019·全国卷I】完形填空详解及全文翻译阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They___41___withthemlotsofwaste.The___42___mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe___43___ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I’m___44___abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.However,Isoon___45___thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof___46___amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda___47___mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare___48___buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe___49___.ThebestofaKilimanjaro___50___,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare___51___asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This___52___isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas___53___gothroughfiveecosystems(生态系统)inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,___54___landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather___55___—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I___56___twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland___57___:gravel(砾石),stonesandrocks.___58___youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith___59___snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro___60___itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace？Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.41.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters43.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name44.A.silentB.skepticalC.seriousD.crazy45.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.advocate46.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.quietC.allD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary49.A.payingoffB.spreadingoutC.blowingupD.fadingaway50.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight51.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded52.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose53.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials54.A.holdingontoB.goingbacktoC.livinguptoD.givingwayto55.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits56.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add57.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake58.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally59.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial60.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquireEveryyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.Theybringwiththemlotsofwaste.Thecrowdsmightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciersaredisappearing,changingthefaceofKilimanjaro.每年大约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山。他们带来的垃圾也数量可观。簇拥的人群可能会蚕食掉这里固有的天然美色。冰川日渐消融，乞力马扎罗山的容颜在悄然而逝。Hearingthesestories,I'mskepticalabouttheplace--otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.听罢这些纷纷议论，我倒觉得该辨证地看待——难道游历他方就真如所描述的那样“纯”天然吗？However,Isoondiscoverthatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsofcampsamongtonsofrubbish.Ifindacleanmountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.2有段时间报道的消息确实令人堪忧，说那里的营地周围弥漫的垃圾有上万吨。然而，我很快就发现，自那以来还是有显著变化的。我涉足过的一处山峰就满目爽净，营地上、小路旁都有洗手间。虽然说环境挑战任重道远，不过这样看来坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力还是初见成效了。ThebestofaKilimanjaroexperience,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsareregardedasspiritualplacesbymanycultures.ThisviewisespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroasclimbersgothroughfiveecosystems（生态系统）inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,givingwaytolandsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweatherchanges—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.IcounttwelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighlanddesert:gravel,stonesandrocks.Finallyyouclimbintoanarctic-likezonewithpermanentsnowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.依我看，游览乞力马扎罗山佳境岂止仅在绝顶处。许多文化习惯赋予大山以精神补给之地。攀登乞力峰，步履好几公里，游历五个立体生态系统，你才会对此有切身体验。山脚下是一片热带雨林。到了海拔3000米的地方就戛然而止，取而代之的是低矮的植物。再往上走，天气就变了——低矮的云层笼罩着长满青草的山坡。从我站着的地方抬眼望去，就可以看到十二种深浅不一的绿色。4,000米以上好似一片高原沙漠：砾石卵岩，花草不现。最后，你将爬进类似北极一样的地带，那里是终年覆盖的积雪和酷似迅速消融的冰川。DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.乞力马扎罗山是该冠名为祥和景象正在遭遇涌动的游客蹂躏的地方吗？我觉得正好相反。【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。41.D【解析】考查动词辨析。A.keep保持；B.mix混合；C.connect联系；D.bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lotsofwaste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。42.C【解析】考查名词辨析。A.stories故事；B.buildings建筑物；C.crowds人群；D.reporters记者。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。43.C【解析】考查名词辨析。A.position位置；B.age年龄；C.face外貌；D.name名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。44.B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A.silent沉默的；B.skepetical怀疑的；C.serious严肃的；D.crazy疯狂的。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故beskepeticalabout“对……怀疑”符合句意。故B选项切题。45.A【解析】考查动词辨析。A.discover发现；B.argue争论；C.decide决定；D.advocate提倡。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由“muchhaschanged”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。46.C【解析】考查名词辨析。A.equipment装备；B.grass草C.camps营地；D.stone石头。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“atcamps”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。47.D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A.remote遥远的；B.quiet安静的C.tall高的;D.clean干净的。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和