哈克贝利 费恩 历险记

哈克贝利·费恩历险记MarkTwain11马静•Genre–Satiric(讽刺的)Novel•Setting–Time•BeforetheCivilWar;roughly1835–1845–Place•TheMississippiRivertownofSt.Petersburg,Missouri•TheadventurecontinuesdowntheMississippiintoArkansasHuckleberryFinnJimTomSawyer★LifeinSt.Petersburg★Pap’sCabin★Jackson’sIsland★TheGrangerfordsvs.theShepherdsons★TheDuckandtheking★Wilk’sFuneral★Phelps'Farm●Huckhasbeenplacedundertheguardianship(监护)oftheWidowDouglas,who,togetherwithhersister,MissWatson,isattemptingtocivilize（教化）him.●Huckappreciatestheirefforts,butfindscivilizedlifeconfining（受约束的).AccordingtoTheAdventuresofTomSawyer,anotherfamousworkofMarkTwain,HuckandhisfriendTomhaveearnedaconsiderablesumofmoneyasaresultoftheirearlieradventures.However,hislifeischangedbythesuddenreappearanceofhisshiftless(无能的)father“Pap”,anabusiveparentanddrunkard（酒鬼）.AlthoughHuckissuccessfulinpreventinghimfromacquiringhisfortune,Papforciblygainscustody（监护）ofhimandmoveshimtohisbackwoodscabin（小屋）.ThoughHuckprefersthistohislifewiththewidow,heresents（怨恨）hisfather'sdrunkenviolenceandhishabitofkeepinghimlockedinsidethecabin.Duringoneofhisfather‘sabsencesHuckescapes,elaborately（精心地）fakeshisownmurderandsetsoffdowntheMississippiRiver.•WhilelivingquitecomfortablyinthewildernessalongtheMississippi,HuckencountersMissWatson'sslaveJimonanislandcalledJackson'sIsland.HucklearnsthatJimhasalsorunawayafterheoverheardMissWatson'splantosellJimdownriver,whereconditionsforslaveswereevenharsher,becausehewouldbringapriceof$800.JimistryingtomakehiswaytoCairo(开罗),Illinois（伊利诺斯州）andthentoOhio（俄亥俄州）,afreestate,sohecanbuyhisfamily‘sfreedom.HuckandJimtakeupinacavern(大洞穴)onahillonJackson‘sIslandtowaitoutastorm.Whentheycan,theyscrounge(四处寻找)aroundtheriverlookingforfood,wood,andotheritems.Onenight,theyfindaraft（竹筏）theywilleventuallyusetotraveldowntheMississippi.Later,theyfindanentirehousefloatingdowntheriverandenterittograbwhattheycan.Enteringoneroom,Jimfindsamanlyingdeadonthefloor,shotinthebackwhileapparentlytryingtoransack（洗劫）thehouse.Tofindoutthelatestnewsinthearea,Huckdressesasagirlandgoesintotown.HuckreturnsquicklytotheislandwherehetellsJimoftheimpending(即将发生的)danger.Thetwoimmediatelyloaduptheraftandleavetheisland.HuckandJim‘sraftisswamped（淹没，陷于）byapassingsteamship,separatingthetwo.HuckisgivenshelterbytheGrangerfords,aprosperouslocalfamily.TheGrangerfordsareengagedina30-yearbloodfeud（仇恨，怨恨）againstanotherfamily,theShepherdsons.Intheresultingconflict,alltheGrangerfordmalesfromthisbranchofthefamilyareshotandkilled,althoughGrangerfordselsewheresurvivetocarryonthefeud.HuckreunitswithJimandtheraftandtogetherfleesfarthersouthontheMississippiRiver.Furtherdowntheriver,JimandHuckrescuetwocunning（狡猾的）grifters,whojoinHuckandJimontheraft.TheypaintTomupentirelyinblueandcallhimtheSickArab.Ononeoccasiontheyarriveinatownandadvertiseathree-nightengagementofaplaywhichtheycallTheRoyalNonesuch.Theplayturnsouttobeonlyacoupleofminutesofhystericalcavorting（歇斯底里的嬉闹）,notworthanywherenearthe50centsthetownsmenwerechargedtoseeit.BythethirdnightofTheRoyalNonesuch,thetownspeoplearereadytotaketheirrevenge;buttheDukeandtheKinghavealreadyskippedtown,andtogetherwithHuckandJim,theycontinuedowntheriver.Oncetheyarefarawayenough,thetwogrifterstestthenexttown,anddecidetoimpersonate（冒充）twobrothersofPeterWilks,arecentlydeceased(已故的)manofproperty.•Thearrivaloftwonewmenwhoseemtobetherealbrothersthrowseverythingintoconfusionwhennoneoftheirsignaturesmatchtheoneonrecord.•The“Duck”andthe“King”managetorejoinHuckandJimontheraft.Afterthefourfugitives（逃犯）havedriftedfarenoughfromthetown,theKingtakesadvantageofHuck'stemporaryabsencetosellhisinterestintheescapedslaveJimforfortydollars.JimisbeingheldattheplantationofSilasandSallyPhelps,Tom'sauntanduncle.SinceTomisexpectedforavisit,HuckismistakenforTom.Heplaysalong,hopingtofindJim'slocationandfreehim.WhenHuckinterceptsTomontheroadandtellshimeverything,TomdecidestojoinHuck'sscheme,pretendingtobehisyoungerhalf-brotherSid.RatherthansimplysneakingJimoutoftheshed（小屋）whereheisbeingheld,Tomdevelopsanelaborate（缜密的）plantofreehim.Duringtheresultingpursuit,Tomisshotintheleg.Jimremainswithhimratherthancompletinghisescape,riskingrecapture.HuckhaslongknownJimwaswhiteontheinside.AlthoughthedoctoradmiresJim'sdecency（礼貌）,hebetrayshimtoapassingskiff（小艇）,andJimiscapturedwhilesleepingandreturnedtothePhelpsfamily.AfterJim‘srecapture,eventsquicklyresolvethemselves.Tom’sAuntPollyarrivesandrevealsHuckandTom‘strueidentities.TomannouncesthatJimisafreeman:MissWatsondiedtwomonthsearlierandfreedJiminherwill,butTomchosenottorevealJim’sfreedomsohecouldcomeupwithanelaborate（精细的）plantorescueJim.Inthefinalnarrative,Huckdeclaresthatheisquitegladtobedonewritinghisstory,anddespiteSally'splanstoadoptand“civilizehim,HuckintendstofleewesttoIndianTerritory.MarkTwaindescribedthemajorthemeofTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnas“Asoundheartandadeformed（变形的）conscience（良心）comeintocollision,andconsciencesuffersdefeat.”•“Asoundheart”=agood,honestheart.“Adeformedconscience”=aconscienceinfluencedbythelawsofsocietyandasenseofdutytowardthoselaws.Themes:★Racism&Slavery★I