高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit13-14

高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit13-14☆重点句型☆.Lifeintheoceansrangefromthetiniestplantsallthewayuptogiantslikesharksandwhales.2.waterisactuallyquitesimple,butthewaythewatermoleculeisformedgiveswateritsuniqueproperties.3.Theyformapolarmolecule,thatis,onewithaslightlypositiveendandaslightlynegativeend.4.Thesalinityoftheearth'soceansisaboutthirty-fivepartsperthousand,meaningthatthereareabout35grammesofdissolvedsolidsandgasesinonekiloofwater.5.Heatcapacityistheamountofenergyittakestoraisethetemperatureofasubstancebyonedegreecentigrade.6.water,whichseems,sosimpleandcommon,iswhatmakeslifepossible.7.Freedomfighterscanbefoundeverywhereandtheyareofalltimes.8.Fromthelateeighteenthcenturytowellintothenineteenthcenturydifferentpeoplestruggledfortheirrights.☆重点词汇☆.sailorn.水手2.transportn.&vt.运输3.rangevi.&n.变动4.hydrogenn.氢5.oxygenn.氧气6.relativeadj.相对的7.solidn.固体8.freezingadj.冰冻的9.pureadj.纯净的0.relationshipn.关系1.floatv.漂浮2.decreasevi.变小3.centigradeadj.摄氏温度的4.absorbvt.吸收5.stableadj.稳定的6.steadyadj.平稳的7.trustvt.信任8.nurseryn.保育院9.freedomn.自由20.civiladj.国内的，公民的21.murdervt.&n.谋杀22.revolutionn.革命23.slaveryn.奴隶制24.souln.灵魂25.arrestvt.逮捕26.racen.人种；赛跑27.marriagen.结婚28.forbidvt.禁止，不许29.politicaladj.政治的30.demandvt.&n.要求31.lawyern.律师32.actn.法令33.politicsn.政治34.religionn.宗教35.independencen.独立36.abolishvt.废除37.chaptern.篇☆重点短语☆.benefitfrom从……得益2.alltheway一直3.takeadvantageof利用4.giveoff释放5.avarietyof种类繁多的6.put...inprison把……投入监狱7.joinhands联手8.setanexampleto为……树立榜样9.fromthenon从那时起0.startwith以……开始1.regardlessof不顾2.atfirstsight乍一看3.callin召集☆交际用语☆.whatisitthatmakestheoceansuchagreatplacetolive?2.Thenutrientsiswhateverfallsintotheoceanwillquicklybecomeavailabletootherlivingthings.3.whathappenedfirstwasthat...4.oneofthereasonswhy...is...5....isoftenfollowedby...☆词汇短语☆6.absorbv.)吸收Usethecbthtoabsorbtheink.用布吸干墨水。Sheisagoodstudentandabsorbednewideasquickly.她是一个好学生，吸收新思想很快。2)常用被动，beabsorbedin全神贯注于；专心致志Hisbusinessabsorbedhim./Heisabsorbedinhisbusiness.他专心处理业务。fabsorbing=veryinteresting非常吸引人的；引人入胜的absorbed精神集中的absorbent能吸收水分等的.benefitvi.受益n.益处)benefitfrom/bysth.=receivebenefitfrom受益于；得益whowillbenefitfromtheoldman'sdeath?那位老人死后谁将是受益人?Hehasn'tbenefitedfromtheexperience.他虽有体验却无长进。2)benefitvt.使受益；有利于；有益于=dogoodto,tobeusefultoSuchfoolishbehaviourwillnotbenefityourcase.这种愚蠢的行为不会对你的情况有利。3)n.优越条件；利益；好处，相当于“pmfit,advantage,goodeffect”，通常与以下例句中所示的动词及介词连用。Shehadthebenefitofagoodeducation.她受过良好的教育，这是她的优越之处。Itisofgreatbenefittoeveryone.这对于每个人都有极大的好处。Becauseofillness,shedidn'tgetmuchbenefitfromherstayabroad.她呆在国外因病而没得到多大的收获。【考点1】benefit的用法▲搭配：①benefitfrom从……中受益②forthebenefitof为了某人的利益▲句型：①beofbenefitto...=bebene—ficialto对……有利／有益②benefitsb/sth使……获益【考例1】Thebookisof____benefit____us.A.great;forB.much;forc.very;beneficialD.great;to[考查目标]考查搭配与运用。[答案与解析]Dbeofbeneitto...=bebeneficialto表示“对……有利／有益”。3.demandv.&n.要求，需要)n.要求，需要Itisimpossibletosatisfyalldemands.有求必应是不可能的。Teachersareingreatdemandinthisarea.在这个地区很需要教师。2)v.要求，需要Idemandthatjohngothereatonce.我要约翰马上去那儿。Thisworkdemandsyourpatience.这项工作需要你的耐心。【考点3】demand的用法▲搭配：①supplyanddemand供需②refuse/rejectone'sdemand拒绝某人的要求③satisfy/meet/fulfillone'sdemand满足某人的要求④demandareasonableexplanation/answer要求合理解释／答复⑤makestrictdemandsonsbinsth严格要求某人=bestrictwithsbinsth▲句型：①sbdemandtodosth要求做某事②sbdemandthat主语+dosth要求某人做某事③sbdemandofsbtodosth=demandone'sdoingsth要求某人做某事④makethedemandthat主语+dosth要求某人做某事⑤sb.demandsthof/fromsb向某人要求某事／某物⑥sthdemandsth需要⑦sb/sthbeingreat/highdemand急需……⑧Thereismuch/agreat/nodemandforsb/sth某地急需／不需要……▲辨析：demand；require两词均意为“需要，需求”，但demand指大胆地、权威性地要求对方或自己认为有权利向某人提供某物或提出做某事•其后不接动名词，可接名词或不定式，被要求人小直接作demand的宾语。require指因有需要或有权要求某物或做某事。含有权威性和公正性的语气。【Ir指根据事物内在原因提出的要求。demand，require后接宾语从句时．都要用虚拟语气。▲友情提示：禁止使用demandsbtodosth结构。“某地急需…”还可表达为①sthbeingreatneedinsp.②sb/sp.beingreatneedofsth③sp.isshortofsth紧缺……【考例3lShe____ustogothereatonce.A.demandedB.hopedc.requiredD.refused[考查目标]动词的常见结构及用法。[答案与解析]cdemand和hope，refuse都只能直接接to如作宾语，而不接sbtodosth结构。【考点9】discuss的用法▲构词：discussion讨论；议论；辩论；论述；商议▲搭配：①discusssthingroups分组讨论某事②underdiscussion=beingdiscussed……在讨论巾③takepartinadiscussion参加讨论▲句型：①discusssth讨论某事②discusswh-+todosth/wh-+clause/howsthshouldbedone③discussdoingsth讨论干某事④Discussionbegoingonamongsbaboutsth某人就某事展开了讨论⑤sthcomeupfordiscussion某事提出讨论⑥have/holdadiscussionabout/on/o-versth如何讨论有关某事常见形容词有heated，hot，stormy，further，friendly，long，much，brief，full；haveanotherdiscussionabout/onsth再次讨论有关某事▲友情提示：discuss是及物动词，后面不能再跟about，但用名词discussion表达讨论某事时，则必须跟about或on.【考例9】Afterthemeeting，youshould____aboutthetopicofthesubjectwiththefamousscientist.A.discussB.quarrelc.debateD.fight[考查目标]考查动词的词义与辨析。[答案与解析]Adiscuss表示“讨论”；quarrel表示“争吵”；debate表示“争辩”；fight表示“打斗”。【考点lo】end的用法▲构词：①endingn.结尾；结局②endlessadj.无穷尽的；无休止的③endlesslyadv.无穷尽地；无休止地▲搭配：①attheend在……最后；在……尽头②endup结束；终结；告终③endupwith以……告终④endinsuccess/failure以成功／失败而告终⑤putanendtosth结束……⑥sthcometoanend……结束了⑦sthdrawtoanend接近尾声⑧bringsthtoanend使……结束⑨callfor/demandanendtosth要求结束……⑩intheend最后；终于⑩attheend最后⑩attheendof+在……末尾⑩bytheendof到……为止⑩attheotherendof...在……的那一头⑩ateitherendof在……的任一头⑩fighttotheend战斗到底▲句型：①bythe