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句子成分主要成分:主语和谓语次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语定义:构成句子并起着不同作用的各个部分叫做句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;基本句型•主语+系动词+表语(主系表)•主语+不及物动词+(其他成分)•主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)•主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语•主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补ItoldmybestfriendTiezhutobringlunchinthediningroom.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语↓宾语补足语句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或句子WelikeTieZhu谓语说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组WelikeTieZhu宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语WelikeTieZhu表语与联系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质或特征同主语Youaremyheart;youarethehalfofmylife.定语用来修饰名词或代词形,代,数,名,副,介词短语等WelikesthestrongTieZhu.状语修饰动词,形容词,副词,表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式等副词,介词短语或句子XiaoPangsmileshappily宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词,名词,不定式,介词短语等Yourmumcalledyoutogohomefordinner.•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Hebuythisgirlsomeflowers.直接宾语和间接宾语定语后置:如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置;类似的情况还有,当它所修饰的是由any-,every-,some-等跟-body,-one,-thing构成的复合代词时,通常后置Thegirlincoloursishissister.Thegirlhidinginflowersishisdaughter.Nevermind!I’llfindsomeonelikeyou.状语状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。•Thisjobfairwaslaunchedinthegym.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•Hegotupsolatethathewaslate•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Hebehaveswithoutanyprincipleormoral.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleaseletmeknowifyouhavesomethingunhappyinmind.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Heplayedtruancyinspiteofhisfailurefortest.系动词1)状态系动词(be动词)例如:Iamateacher.2)持续系动词keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand例如:Thekeytolongevityisthatoneshouldkeephisbreath.3)表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如:Helookstired.4)感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如:Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.注意:系动词不用于被动语态.5)变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:Hebecamemadafterthat.。(八)同位语位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.名词代词数词从句Exercises:分析句子结构1)IamateacherandItouchthefuture.2)Hefelthappytoday.3)Youmakemyheartsmile.4)helikesplayingfootball.5)Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewenttoschool.6)OurEnglishteacherMrWangisalittlefat.7)Thestorysoundsstrange.8)Hegavemeashotheavilyintheheart.9)Everydayissunnyonceyou'resafeandsound10)Allofthefabuloussunshineisreflectedfromyoursmile.Thebeautyrolledbeadcurtain,sittingwithherbrowstightlyfrowning.Hercheeksweredrownintears,notsheddingwherethegrudgecame美人卷珠帘,深坐颦蛾眉。但见泪痕湿,不知心恨谁。
本文标题:英语语法--句子成分分析
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