张汉熙高级英语rhetoric devices Unit 9 Mark Twain

RhetoricalDevices:PersonificationDefinition:Personificationisafigureofspeechwhichattributeshumanqualitiesandabilitiestoinanimateobjects,animals,abstractideas,etc.Itistotreatathingoranideaasifitwerehumanorhadhumanqualities.•e.g.Youthishotandbold,•Ageisweakandcold,•Youthiswild,andAgeistame.•-------------WilliamShakespeareⅡ.WritingDevicesⅡ.WritingDevicese.g.1.Thistimefateissmilingtohim.2.Duskcamestealthily.3.Iwatchedthemoonlightdancingontheripplesofthelake.4.Theancientmansionspoketomeofbygonedays.Para.5•theriverhadacquaintedhimwith...Ⅱ.WritingDevicesRhetoricalDevices:Hyperbole[hai'pə:bəli]Definition:Hyperboleisafigureofspeechinwhichexaggerationisusedtoemphasizeapoint,tocreatehumor,ortoachievesomesimilareffects.e.g.Shewasscaredtodeath.Sheisdyingtoknowwhatjobhasbeenassignedtoher.e.g.I’dgivetheworldtoseetheGreatWall.Itoldyouathousandtimesthatyoushouldn’tbehavelikethat.Ihaven’tseenyouforages.Para.1...cruisethrougheternalboyhoodand...endlesssummeroffreedom...•Thecastofcharacters...-acosmos.Ⅱ.WritingDevicesRhetoricalDevices:EuphemismDefinition:Itisthesubstitutionofamildorvagueexpressionforaharshorunpleasantones.e.g.diedomybusiness,answerthenature’scallemotionallydisturbedsanitationworkeranunderdevelopedcountryadjustmentofthefrontⅡ.WritingDevicese.g.1.Hewasnowlivingatgovernment’sexpense.2.Heisabitslowforhisage.3.Ifyouwillallowme,Iwillcallyourcarriageforyou.Para.22Para.6...men'sfinalreleasefromearthlystruggle…avoidedcontactwiththeenemyⅡ.WritingDevicesRhetoricalDevices:Metonymy(转喻/换喻)[mɪ'tɒnɪmɪ]Itisafigureofspeechthatconsistsinusingthenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelsewithwhichitisassociated.e.g.thecrown:kingWhiteHouse:AmericangovernmentUncleSam(nameofpersons):JohnBull:bear:Hollywood:Americanfilm-makingindustryⅡ.WritingDevicesE.g.1.Thekettleisboiling.•2.Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandtookupthepen.•3.Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.•4.Hispursewouldnotallowhimthatluxury.•5.HaveyoueverreadMarkTwain?•Para.8•e.g...hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickaxeⅡ.WritingDevicesRhetoricalDevices:Synecdoche[sɪ'nekdəkɪ]提喻Itconsistschieflyinputtingapartforthewholeorthewholeforthepart,andtheconcretefortheabstractortheabstractfortheconcrete.e.g.Manyeyesturnedtoatall,20—yearblackgirlontheU.S.team.Ⅱ.WritingDevicese.g.1.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyofstonesandearth,butofthefleshandbloodofmillionsofmen.2.Hehastoearnhisdailybreadbydoingoddjobs.3.GermanybeatArgentina2to1inthisexcitingfootballmatch.4.Youcouldhardlyhearthejingleofacentinhiswallet.Para.3Keelboats,...carriedthefirstmajorcommerceⅡ.WritingDevices•Identifymetonymyandsynecdocheinthefollowing:•Let’sdrinkacuportwo.•Theywereshortofhands.•Thepenismightierthanthesword.•Hecouldhardlyearnhiseverydaybread.•Wehaddinnerattendollarsahead.•Heisabraveheart.•Iamamanwholetstheheadruletheheart.Ⅱ.WritingDevicesAntithesise.g.•...betweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare...•...tookunholyverbalshotsattheHolyLand...•...aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforeverⅡ.WritingDevicesMetaphor:•MarkTwain--MirrorofAmerica•sawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight...•mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation'sheart•thevastbasindrainedthree-quartersofthesettledUnitedStates•Allwouldresurfaceinhisbooks...thathesoakedup...•Steamboatdecksteemed...maincurrentof...butitsflotsam•Whenrailroadsbegandryingupthedemand...•...theepidemicofgoldandsilverfever...Ⅱ.WritingDevicesAlliteration:•...theslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome•...withadashanddaring...•...arecklessnessofcostorconsequences...Ⅱ.WritingDevicesSimile:•MostAmericanrememberM.T.asthefatherof...•...amemorythatseemedphonographicParallelism:•MostAmericansremember...thefatherofHuckFinn'sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer'sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.Ⅱ.WritingDevices