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涉外英语合同的语言特色一、多用正式或法律上的用词,比如:AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.应乙方要求,甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。assist较help正式;ThepersonnelshallnottopartakeinanypoliticalactivitiesinIraq.所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partakein较takepartin正式;TheEmployershallrendercorrecttechnicalguidancetothepersonnel.雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。render较give正式;PartyAshallrepatriatethepatienttoChinaandbearthecostofhispassagetoGuangzhou.甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。repatriate较sendback正式;ThisContractshallbegovernedbyandconstruedinaccordancewiththelawsofChina.本合同受中国法律管辖,并按中国法律解释。construe较explain,interpret正式;TheEmployermayobjecttoandrequiretheContractortoreplaceforthwithanyofitsauthorizedrepresentativeswhoisincompetent.雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时,可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式;公文体forthwith较atonce正式;TheChairpersonmayconveneaninterimmeetingbasedonaproposalmadebyone-thirdofthetotalnumberofdirectors.董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene,interim都是正式用词。Incaseonepartydesirestosellorassignallorpartofitsinvestmentsubscribed,theotherpartyshallhavethepreemptiveright.如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分,另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign较transfer正式.Inprocessingtransactions,themanufacturersshallneverhavetitleeithertothematerialsorthefinishedproducts.加工贸易中,厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。法律用词title较ownership正式.ThetermEffectivedatemeansthedateonwhichthisAgreementisdulyexecutedbythepartieshereto.“生效期”指双方合同签字的日子。法律用词execute较sign正式.与口头表述不同,合同是法律性的正式书面文件,使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。用词方面(2)二、多使用here,there,where等前缀:hereafter=afterthistime;今后hereby=bymeans/reasonofthis;特此herein=inthis;此中,于此hereinafter=laterinthiscontract;在下文thereafter=afterwards;此后,后来thereby=bythatmeans;因此;由此;在那方面therein=fromthat;在那里;在那点上thereinafter=laterinthesamecontract;以下;在下文whereby=bywhat;bywhich;由是;凭那个wherein=inwhat;inwhich;在哪里;在哪点上……是不是有点头昏眼花?初学时确实容易搞混,告诉你个小窍门,here代表this,there代表that,where代表what/which,就容易记多了。用词方面(3)三、多用shall代替will或should加强语气和强制力。ThisContractshallbecomeeffectiveuponandfromthedateonwhichitissigned.本合同签字生效。ThisContractshallbewritteninEnglishinfourcopies.Eachpartyshallkeeptwocopies.本合同应以英文写成,一式四份,双方各持两份。合同中,shall并非单纯表示将来时,而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务,具有约束力,宜译为“应”、“应该”、“必须”;will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱,宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”;should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如“万一”。用语方面(1)一、力求严谨,明白无误:ThefollowingdocumentsshallbedeemedtoformandbereadandconstruedasanintegralpartofthisContract.下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;ThisContractcanonlybealtered,amendedorsupplementedinaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedbyauthorizedrepresentativesofbothparties.本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;AllactivitiesofABCCo.shallbegovernedbythelaws,decreesandpertinentrulesandregulationsofChina.ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。二、多用主动语态,少用被动语态:PartyBisherebyappointedbyPartyAasitsexclusivesalesagentinSingapore.(不宜)乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;PartyAherebyappointsPartyBasitsexclusivesalesagentinSingapore.(适宜)甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;三、多用现在时,少用将来时,尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项:LicenseemayterminatethisContract90daysafterawrittennoticethereofissenttoLicensoruponthehappeningofoneofthefollowingevents:当有下列事件之一发生,被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后,可以终止合同:LicensorbecomesinsolventoraliquidatorofLicensorisappointed;许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;ThepatentdescribedinArticle2isnotissuedwithin30daysfromsigningthisContract;and第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布;LicensorfailstoperformitsobligationsunderthisContract.许可人未能履行其合同义务。四、直接表达方式用得多,间接表达方式用的较少:ThisArticledoesnotapplytobondholderswhohavenotbeenpaidinfull.(用得少)本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。ThisArticleappliesonlytobondholderswhohavebeenpaidinfull.(用得多)本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。五、尽量使用一个动词,避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语:PartyAshallmakeanappointmentofitsrepresentativewithin30daysaftersigningtheContract.甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替makeanappointmentof.PartyAwillgiveconsiderationtoPartyB'sproposalofexclusiveagency.甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替giveconsiderationto.六、下列特殊用语使用频繁(1):WHEREAS鉴于正式而重要的合同,尤其是英美法系的合同,多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的,起连词作用:WHEREAStheEmployerisdesirousthatmanpowercanberenderedavailablefortheconstructionofHigh-RiseResidentialComplexinBaghdad,Iraq;鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼;WHEREAStheContractorisdesiroustoprovidethemanpowerfortheWorks;鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;WITNESS证明在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词:ThisAgreement,madeby...WITNESSESWHEREAS...,itisagreedasfollows:本协议由……签订证明:鉴于……特此达成协议如下:INWITNESSWHEREOF作为所协议事项的证据:该短语常用于合同的结尾条款:INWITNESSWHEREOF,thepartieshaveexecutedthisContractinduplicatebytheirdulyauthorizedrepresentativesonthedatefirstabovewritten.作为所协议事项的证据,双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。六、下列特殊用语使用频繁(2):INCONSIDERATIONOF以……为约因/报酬约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一,没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是,大陆法系的合同则无此规定。NowTherefore,inconsiderationofthepremisesandthecovenantsherein,contained,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:InconsiderationofthepaymenttobemadebyPartyAtoPartyB,PartyBherebycovenantswithPartyAtocompletethebuildinginconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheContract.乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设,以取得甲方所付的报酬。NOW,THEREFORE兹特此短语用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语,并与其后hereby的结合。如果无HEREAS条款,则本短语可省略:NOW,THEREFORE,it'sherebyagreedandunderstoodasfollows;兹特协议和谅解如下:NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS兹特立约为据本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。PRESENTS=thepresentwritings是主语,WITNESS是谓语:NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESSthatitisherebyagreedbetweenthepartiesheretoasfollows:兹特
本文标题:涉外英语合同的语言特色
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