全攻略-高中英语阅读理解题型体裁解读、解题技巧及练习(附答案)

1高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨—推理判断题（一）题型复习阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。Ⅰ.事实细节题Ⅱ.猜测词义题学会顺藤摸瓜，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义3）通过因果关系猜测词义4）根据生活常识猜测词义5）根据同等关系猜测词义6）根据列举的事例猜测词义7）根据构词法知识猜测词义Ⅲ.推理判断题做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发挥，而走入误区。学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用归纳、对比、演绎技能，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调(如：否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等)。这类试题常以如下句式发问：①Whatcanyouconclude/implyfromthispassage?②What’stheauthor’sattitude（态度）towards...?③Wecaninfer/learnfromthepassagethat...Ⅳ.主旨大意题这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：1．确定文章的标题和主题(titleortopic)标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖2、概括性强3、短小精炼。常见的标题型题干：1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.2)Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled______.3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4)What’sthetopicofthearticle?2.主题句（topicsentence）及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于2文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.常见的主题句和主旨型题干：1)Whatisthetopicsentenceofthepassage?2)Thisarticle/text/passagemainlytellsthat_____________.3)Whichofthefollowinggivesageneralideaofthepassage?4)Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?阅读推理判断题分类：1.推断隐含意义Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________________________.Thestoryindicatesthat______________________.标志性词语：infer,indicate,suggest,imply,conclude...2.推断作者观点或态度Whatdoestheauthorthinkof__________________?What'stheauthor'sattitudetoward_______________________?Intheauthor'sopinion,_________________________.标志性词语：accordingtothewriter,attitude,think,opinion,consider...3.推断写作目的Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthispassage?Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell__________________________.Thearticleisintendedto____________________________________________.标志性词语：purpose,intendto,show,want...4.推断文章出处Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof______________.标志性词语：betakenfrom,appear,apartof,betakenoutof...5.推断人物的观点、情感、品性Sbthinkthat_________________.Whatdoweknow/learnaboutsbinthetext?Howdid…feelabout…?标志性词语：attitude,learnform,knowfrom,feelabout...6.推断读者对象或文章的作者Whoprobablywrotetheletter?Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?标志性词语：theintendedreader,writer,author…7.推断作者的情感Howdoestheauthorfeelabout_______________?Thewriterprobablyfeelsthat______________________.标志性词语：feel,feelabout...3（二）练习Findtheanswerstotheinferencequestionsinthereadingpersonally.第1题WhenIwasateenager,mymother’sbrokenEnglishembarrassedme.Butnow,Iseeitdifferently.Tome,mymother’sEnglishisperfectlyclear,perfectlynatural.Itismymothertongue.Herlanguage,asIhearit,isvivid,direct,andfullofobservationandwisdom.Itwasthelanguagethathelpedshapetheway1sawthings,expressedideas,andmadesenseoftheworld.[2010年广东卷A篇44]Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother’sEnglishnow?A.Itconfusesher.B.Itembarrassesher.C.Ithelpsherunderstandtheworld.D.Ithelpshertoleraterudepeople.第2题Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouriresearchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.…TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.【2010山东卷D篇75】Thetextismostprobablya_________________.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefictionstory第3题ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地区)oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter....ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwide.Theauthorintendsto____________.[2010年福建卷B篇62].A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slivesB.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependentC.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskillsD.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle第4题Dresstoimpress:StylistandbusinessconsultantDanielaSmithsays,“Girlsshouldkeepinmindthatyourcollegeprofessorswilloftenbethebridgethatconnectsyoutoyourfuturecareerandyourclassmateswillbecomeyourprofessionalnetwork.4Youdon’tneedtodresslikeyou’regoingtotheoffice,butyoushoulddisplayanabilitytoproperlypresentyourselfwithappropriatematurityandconfidence,andlookputtogether.”[2011年广州市高三年级调研测试A篇26]Thesecondparagraphindicatestheimportanceof________.A.impressingprofessorsB.gettingonwellwithclassmatesC.creatingaprofessionalimag