高考非谓语动词讲解ppt

非谓语动词Non-infinitive非谓语动词RichardLi非谓语动词非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式todotobedoneforsb.todosth.或ofsb.todosth.在“to”前加not或never完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/Vb-ing一般式doingbeingdonesb.或sb’sdoing作主语要用sb’sdoing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式：sb’snotdoingsb’snothavingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone三。非谓语动词的形式变化I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：语态类别时态主动语态被动语态ing一般式:(与谓语动词同时发生)makingbeingmade完成式:(先与谓语动词之前发生)havingmade(不作定语）havingbeenmade(不作定语）ed只有一般式:(不强调时间先后，只说明原因、条件等)×made(表被动）inf一般式:(与谓语动词(几乎)同时发生)tomaketobemade完成式:(先与谓语动词之前发生)tohavemadetohavebeenmade进行式:(在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行)tobemaking×▲在成份上非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）1.Thiscupisbroken.2.Thisisabrokencup.3.Ifoundthecupbroken.4.BrokenbyTom,thecupcan’tbeused.(作表语）(作定语)(作宾语补足语）(作状语）1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.4.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.5.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.6.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(作定语）(作状语）主语表语宾语定语补语状语todo-ingformpp非谓语动词功能比较▲ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Beinged+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Havingbeened+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替.1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.2.Beingusedbymenow,thebikecan’tbelenttoyou.3.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.4.WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.5.Havingbeentoldseveraltimes,可以写成=Toldseveraltimes,hecouldn’tunderstandwhatImeant.1.todo表示具体的动作，-ingform表示泛指的动作。eg.Seeingisbelieving.Ilikeskating,butIdon’tliketoskatetoday.Playingwithfireisdangerous.Lookout！Toplaywithfireisdangerous.2.“thereisno+主语”句型中，多用-ingform.eg.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.一、作主语和表语注意二、ing-form和todo作宾语的区别：⑴.下列动词常用不定式作宾语：aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,determine,afford等。如：Heofferedtohelpus.Ididn'texpecttofindyouhere．Theyrefusedtoaccepthisinvitation．Thelittleboypretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein．(2)下列动词通常用~ing形式作宾语：admit,report,appreciate,deny,explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,advise等。如：Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday．Goodnewskeepscoming.Tinasuggestedspendingtheweekendonherfarm．Haveyoufinishedcorrectingthestudents’papers?(3)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义相近：like，love,hate,dislike,begin,start,prefer，continue,intend，attempt等.如：Iprefermaking(tomake)anoutlinebeforeIdomyoralcomposition．Wealllikeplaying(toplay)tabletennis．Thentheybeganmaking(tomake)plansforthework．但是它们之间也有细微区别：*指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用~ing形式.如：Ilikereadingbooksofthiskind．(惯常行为)Ihatetosayso，butreallyIcan'tgowithyou．(具体某次行为)Iprefertostayathometoday．(具体某次行为)Hepreferswalkingtocycling．(惯常行为)*一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式如：IbegantorealizeIhadbeenwrong.Wehatetolosethechance.Nowwearebeginningtoseeitmoreclearly.(4)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式时意义不同：①stoptodo停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事/stopdoing停下正在做的事如：Seeinganoldmancarryingabigbag,Istoppedtohelphim．Hearingthebell,thestudentsstoppedplayingandranintotheclassroom．②forgettodo忘记做某事(此事未做)/forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做)如．Heforgottoposttheletterwhenhewalkedpastthepostoffice．I'llneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttime．③remembertodo记得要做某事(此事未做)/rememberdoing记得某事已做过(此事已做)如：Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere．Youmustremembertotakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehome．④goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing接着做同一件事如：Shestoodupandshookhandswithme,andthenshewentonwritingsomething．AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenovel．⑤trytodo企图／想做某事trydoing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生)如：Wetriedtopersuadehimtogowithus,buthewouldn’tlisten．Let'strydoingtheworksomeotherway.⑥meantodo(意思是)想做某事meandoing意味着做某事如：Revolutionmeanslibratingtheproductiveforce．Sorry,Ididn'tmeantohurtyou．⑦regrettodo遗憾地做某事(通常后接say,tell等动词)/regretdoing后悔做了某事如：Iregrettotellthatyoudidn’tpasstheexamagain．Heregrettedhavingtoldherthebadnews．(5)注意有些动词如：advise，permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider接不定式与接~ing形式的不同结构。①这些动词后面跟复合宾语时，用不定式作宾补。advise／permit／allow／admit／forbid／imagine／consider…sb．todosth．如：Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate.Pleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirst．Yousurelycan'tconsiderhimtobeaselfishman．Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-night．Iallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.②这些动词后面直接跟非谓语动词时，用动名词~doing.advise／permit／allow／admit／forbid／imagine／consider…doingsth.如：Thelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass．Theyshouldn'tallowparkinginthestreet;it'stoonarrow.Canyouimaginemybeingsostupid?Iforbidsmokinginmyhouse．Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice．在表示“除……外”的介词but和except后有时可接不定式，当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to，当前面有行为动词do时，要带to1).Ihadnochoicebut________(lie)downandhavearest.2).Icoulddonothingbut_______(watch)TVforhalfanhour.toliewatch注意查看讲解第11三.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别：*现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑