英国文学课件-1

HistoryofEnglishLiteratureI.Anglo-SaxonPeriod(449---1066)II.MedievalPeriod(1066---1485)III.EnglishRenaissance(1485---1625)ElizabethanAge(1558---1602)IV.17thCentury(PeriodofEnglishBourgeoisRevolution;PuritanAge)(1625---1660)V.NeoclassicalPeriod(Restorationand18thcentury)(1660---1798)VI.RomanticPeriod(1798---1832)VII.VictorianAge(1833---1901)VIII.20thcenturyWhatandHowtoLearninThisCourse?1.Historicalbackgroundandliterarytrendsineveryperiod2.Representativewritersandtheirimportantworksineachliterarytrend3.Howtoappreciateandanalyzeliteraryworks4.Necessaryliteraryterms5.ExtensivereadingoutsideclassPartI.Anglo-SaxonPeriod(449---1066)1.HistoricalBackground:MakingofEngland2.OldEnglishliterature:BeowulfMakingofEnglandTheBritons:theearlyinhabitantsTheRomanConquest(55B.C.-410A.D.)TheEnglishConquest2.Beowulf贝奥武夫,NationalEpicofEnglandProtagonistSubjectmatter(mainincidents)ThemePoeticFormAlliteration(押头韵)•Repetitionofconsonants,esp.atthebeginningofwordsorstressedsyllables.Likeanyotherformsofrepetition,alliterationserves2purposes:(1),itispleasingtotheearandcanproduceadistinctmusicalquality;(2),itcanemphasizethewordsinwhichitoccurs.Itisagreathelptomemory.AlliterationisanimportantpoeticdeviceinAnglo-Saxonpoetry.Forexample:sweetsmellofsuccess;poorbutproud;greenasgrass;Moneymakesthemarego;Andsingsasolitarysong/Thatwhistlesinthewind(Wordsworth);Andheathen’sonlyhope,hell(BeowulfEpic•Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Ithashistoricalroot.Meanwhile,itincorporatesmyth,legendandfolktale.Manyepicsweretransmittedorallybysongandrecitationbeforetheywerewrittendown.AmongthegreatepicsoftheworldmaybementionedHomer’sIliadandOdyssey,theAnglo-SaxonBeowulfandJohnMilton’sParadiseLost.PartII.TheAnglo-NormanPeriod(1066---1485)HistoricalBackgroundLiteraryTypes1.MedievalRomance2.PopularBalladsRepresentativePoet:GeoffreyChaucerNormanConquestanditsInfluence1.OnEnglishLanguage2.OnEnglishSocietyLiteraryType1:RomanceSocialBackgroundContentofRomanceRomanceCyclesSocialBackground:FeudalEnglandMiddleAgeswasaperiodofgreatwarfare.Lackofstronggovernmentdividedthepeopleintofeudalstates.Becauseoftheconstantwarfarebetweenthesestates,theconceptoftheknightcameintobeing.Aknightissimplyamountedwarrior.Youngmenweretaughttowearheavyarmor,rideawar-horse,andfightwithswordandlance.Withtheriseoftheknightcametheriseofchivalry,theknightlycodeofbehavior.ThechivalrousknightwassupposedtobeloyaltohisfeudalstateandGod,virtuous,brave,selfless,andprotectoroftheweak.LiteraryType2:PopularballadBalladinliterature:short,narrativepoemusuallyrelatingasingle,dramaticevent.Twoformsoftheballadareoftendistinguished—thefolkballad,datingfromaboutthe12thcent.,andtheliteraryballad,datingfromthelate18thcent.TheFolkBallad•Primarilybasedonanolderlegendorromance,thistypeofballadisusuallyashort,simplesongthattellsadramaticstorythroughdialogueandaction,brieflyalludingtowhathasgonebeforeanddevotinglittleattentiontodepthofcharacter,setting,ormoralcommentary.Itusessimplelanguage,aneconomyofwords,dramaticcontrasts,epithets,setphrases,andfrequentlyastockrefrain.Thefamiliarstanzaformisfourlines,withfourorthreestressesalternatingandwiththesecondandfourthlinesrhyming.TheLiteraryBallad•Theliteraryballadisanarrativepoemcreatedbyapoetinimitationoftheoldanonymousfolkballad.Usuallytheliteraryballadismoreelaborateandcomplex;thepoetmayretainonlysomeofthedevicesandconventionsoftheolderversenarrative.LiteraryballadswerequitepopularinEnglandduringthe19thcent.BalladStanza:Aballadstanzahas4lines:the1stand3rdlineshave4stressedwordsorsyllables;the2ndand4thlineshave3stressesandrhyme.Refrain•Arepeatedline,phraseorgroupoflines,whichrecursatregularintervalsthroughapoemorsong,usuallyattheendofastanza.Thelesstechnicaltermis'chorus'.GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)乔叟•LifeMajorWorksTheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集•Chaucer’sContributiontoEnglishLiteratureTheCanterburyTalesOutlineoftheStoryTheGeneralPrologueSocialSignificanceoftheWorkLanguageandFormImage（意象）•Wordsorphrasesoranyexpressionsthatcreatepicturesinthereader’smindareimages.Imagescanappealtosenses:seeing,hearing,touch,taste,smellandmovement.Spring---ThomasNasheSpring,thesweetspring,istheyear’spleasantking,Thenbloomseachthing,thenmaidsdanceinaring.Colddothnotsting,theprettybirdsdosing:Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!ThepalmandMaymakecountryhousesgay,Lambsfriskandplay,theshepherdspipeallday,Andwehearaybirdstunethismerrylay:Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!ThepalmandMaymakecountryhousesgay,Lambsfriskandplay,theshepherdspipeallday,Andwehearaybirdstunethismerrylay:Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Thenon-literalusesoflanguagesuchassimiles,metaphors,personifications,apostrophe,allusionandotherfiguresofspeecharealsoimages.Fog---CarlSandburgThefogcomesonlittlecatfeet.Itsitslookingoverharborandcityonsilenthaunchesandthenmoveson.•Imagescancreateatmosphere/moodandconveythemethroughverbalpictures.Imageisthesoulofthesignificanceofapoem.•ThesearetheopeninglineswithwhichthenarratorbeginstheGeneralPrologueofTheCanterburyTales.T