发展中国家遗传资源保护法律制度研究

中国政法大学硕士学位论文发展中国家遗传资源保护法律制度研究姓名：杜莉莉申请学位级别：硕士专业：@指导教师：王灿发20070401121ONSYSTEMSOFBIOLOGICALGENETICRESOURCESPROTECTIONINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESABSTRACTThispaperconsistsoffiveparts,includingpreface,generaldiscussiononbiologicalgeneticresources,analysisonsystemsofbiologicalgeneticresourcesprotectionindevelopingcountries,analysisandconstructiononsystemsofbiologicalgeneticresourcesprotectioninChinaandconclusion.Inthepartofpreface,thepaperbringsforwardthechallengesfacedbydevelopingcountriesinprotectinggeneticresources,andintroducesthepaper’sbackground;afterthat,thepaperdefinesconceptandextensionofbiologicalgeneticresources,andliststhecharacteristicsofbiologicalgeneticresources,whichprovidesdiscussionenvironmentforthispaper;andthen,thepaperchoosesseveraltypicaldevelopingcountrieswithabundantgeneticresources,includingIndia,BrazilandSouthAfrica,anddiscussesthenecessary,actualityandproblemsonbiologicalgeneticresourcesprotectioninthesecountries,especiallyintroducesthelegislationandsystemsofbiologicalgeneticresourcesprotectionandanalyzestheirobstaclesinseveralaspects.Asthemainbodyofthepaper,thesecondandthirdpartsgivethedetaileddiscussionfromtheaspectsoftheoryandpractice,internationallawanddomesticlawofthedevelopingcountries.Amongthesediscussionandanalysis,thepaperputsforwardtheimaginationonconstructingsystemsofbiologicalgeneticresourcesprotectionwithChinesecharacteristicsbylearningfromothercountries.ThefourthpartofthispaperselectedChinawhoisthemosttypicaldevelopingcountryintheworld,itintroducesthe2actualityandfeaturesofbiologicalgeneticresourcesinChina,andanalyzesthenecessaryofconstructingnewsystemsofbiologicalgeneticresourcesprotection;thefourthpartalsofindsproblemsfromtheexistingsystemsofbiologicalgeneticresourcesprotectioninChinaandprovidescorrespondingsolutionsandadvices,includingtheprinciples,systems,managementmechanismandetc.,especiallyemphasizesbenefit–sharingfrombiologicalgeneticresourcesandprotectionofintellectualpropertyrights.Inthepartofconclusion,thepaperpointsoutthattheadvicesandtheoriesshouldbeimprovedinthefutureandhavealongwaytogo.KEYWORDS:BiologicalGeneticResources;BiologicalGeneticResourcesProtection;Benefit–sharingfromBiologicalGeneticResources;ProtectionofIntellectualPropertyRights19261223DNADNA1.2.199820051-243.4.5.6.519741995765100018207070(EliLilly)——19931.6199020055Rifkin.J.,TheBiotechCentury:HarnessingtheGeneandRemakingtheWorld,BigAppleTuttle2Morigency,Inc.61/41,00010,000211980300020055200610307()19921993FAO2001199566“…………”1“”——“”2006118“”20055200559a.b.c.2005126732003237381012(ModelLaw)199876(EC/98/44)1999311112124.57%(neemtree)200W.R.Grace120032002200419702002196620001972192712002TheBiologicalDiversityAct20022004DecreeofBiologicalDiversity200420032002=89-2002-12-30NationalResearchCouncil,“Neem,ATreeforSolvingGlobalProblems”,NationalResearchCouncilReport(Washington,D.C.:Na2tionalAcademyPress,1995),p.5,;Stone,Richard,“ABiopesticidalTreeBeginstoBlossom”,Science,February28,1992,p.1070.12200420032(Patent(Amendment)Act,1970200219703SeedsAct19664ProtectionofPlantVarietiesandFarmers’Rights(PPVFR)Act,20005(WildlifeProtectionAct,197219726ForrestAct,1927192713EthicalGuidelinesforBiomedicalResearchonHumanSubjects,2000EthicalPoliciesonHumanGenome,GeneticResearchandService,2001220022004120023462002184200221143SasyaSampada7002200GeneCampaign(ISHG)1996ISHGDNA53WSSD854.71.7——500(1/4)———125(Brazil’sBillon“AccesstoGeneticResources”,199819983thePlantVarietyProtectionLaw,1997(RegulationofthePlantVarietyProtection,1997TRIPS151816524NationalPlantVarietiesProtectionService(SNPC)4(ProvisionalMeasureonAccesstoGeneticResourcesandTraditionalKnowledge,200120012.186-162251.8101516519832003Cupuacu22320033AsahiFoodsCupuacuAndirobaCopaipa1000Cupuacu17(CONAMA)2518011(SISNAMA)(CONAMA)1112910200575://blog.sina.com.cn/u/498934fa0100074v-2007-01-0819Hoodia11(EnvironmentConservationAct,198919891622004(No.10of2004:NationalEnvironmentalManagement:BiodiversityAct,20042004200463(ModelLawontheProtectionoftheRightsofLocalCommunitiesFarmersandBreeders,20002000PhytopharmHoodia“San”San“San”200432004822000204NBGSAMComptonHerbarium(NBG)&SouthAfricanMuseumHerbarium(SAM)NationalBotanicalInstitute:LoanConditions5GuidelinesonEthicsforMedicalResearch:ReproductiveBiologyandGeneticResearch,20012001HGDPHGDP220042004200479NIH1977SAGENEDNA20042213422673200234520003367131420022003a.b.=20030226b05-2003-02-2622c.d.ace.20022003242004791998155200272002262003200419973913419981416232000452004821996962067820048320042019973912420006620048520022001199668200227200244251996962013200219981219981219981226()200111(1)(2)——20061127(3)“”20019200092000242000262005474281997RiceTec20TexmatiKaomati1995CSIR200546947220054852930,0006,347110100=3252-2005-