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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 初中形容词和副词讲解与练习
-1-形容词和副词讲解与专项练习一、形容词(一)定义:用来描写或修饰名词或代词,说明人或事物的特征或性质。(二)用法1.做定语(此时,形容词的位置在被修饰名词之前)。e.g.Thisisanoldhouse.2.做表语(此时,形容词的位置在连系动词之后)。e.g.Iamsorrytohearthat.3.做宾语宾语补足语(此时,形容词的位置在宾语之后)。e.g.Shemadehermotherangry.4.形容词在句中的位置。形容词做定语修饰名词时,放在名词前面。修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词之后。Sheisaclevergirl.Isawsomethingwhiteinthewater.形容词修饰带有表量度的词或者词组时定语后置。Thebridgeisonehundredmeterslong.5.某些形容词前加上定冠词the,可以代表一类人或东西,可以用作主语,宾语等。做主语时当复数看待。e.g.Theoldarewelllookedafter.Wealllovethebeautiful.二、副词(一)定义:用来修饰动词,形容词,其他副词以及全句。(有许多副词是从形容词转化而来的。方法是在形容词词尾加上’ly’.如:bad-badly,careful-carefully.等,在变化时要注意词尾是’y’的,要把’y’改为’I’再加’ly’。如:lucky-luckily.busy-busily等。另外以e结尾的,大部分直接加ly.如:wide-widely,brave-bravely等。还有几个特殊的要去e后再加ly.如:true-trulyterrible-terribly等。(二)用法1.作状语。e.g.Theyworkhard.(副词修饰动词)Theyarequiteright.(副词修饰形容词)Heparkthecarveryeasily.(副词修饰副词)Unfortunately,hewasout.(副词修饰整个句子)2.作定语(时间副词和地点副词可以做后置定语)。e.g.ThestudentshereareallfromHubei.3.作表语。e.g.Whatisonthisevening?(今晚上演什么节目。)4.作宾语补足语。e.g.Don'tlethimin.三形容词和副词的比较等级在英语中形容词和副词有原级,比较级和最高级之分。原级就是它们的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。-2-(一)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化1.规则变化单音节词和部分双音节词(1)一般在词尾加er,est.hard---harder---hardestgreat---greater---greatest(2)以字母e结尾的加r,st.nice---nicer----nicestable---abler----ablest(3)重读闭音节中末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写辅音字母,再加er,est.big---bigger---biggestfat---fatter---fatterred---redder---reddestthin---thinner---thinnesthot---hotter---hottestwet---wetter---wettest(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的词,先改y为i再加er.est多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加more,most.polite---morepolite---mostpoliteexciting---moreexciting---mostexcitinginteresting-moreinteresting-mostimnterestingcarefully--morecarefully--mostcarefullyquickly--morequickly--mostquicklyhappily--morehappily--mosthappily有些形容词和副词的比较等级用-er,-est或者more,most皆可,如clever,lovely等。表示“较不---”和“最不----”时,可用less和least.difficult---lessdifficult---leastdifficultinteresting---lessinteresting---leastinteresting2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest(二)形容词和副词级的用法原级:(1)原级的基本用法句型:主语+谓语动词+as+原级+as+比较对象(前者与后者一样...)主语+...not+as/so+原级+as+比较对象(前者不如后者那么....)Thecoatisasoldasthatone.TheweatherinBeijingisnotas/sohotasthatinShanghai.(2)原级的特殊用法1)表示是....的几倍.句型:.....times+as+原级+as.....Thishouseisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.Hecanrunfivethreetimesasfastashisbrother.2)表示...的一半....句型:.....halfas+原级+as...-3-Mymoneyisnothalfasmuchasyours.3)表示尽可能.......句型:.....as+原级+aspossible/onecan.Weshouldgetupasearlyaspossible/wecan.比较级的用法1.两者相比(甲大于乙),用比较级+than表示Thisroomisbiggerthanthatone.2.要表示‘···不如···’,用‘less+原级+than’结构Thisbookislessdifficultthanthatone.3.表示‘两者人,事物之间,比较···的’,用‘the+比较级+名词+of+the+名词或代词’结构Bobisthetallerboyofthetwoboys.4.不于其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变,用‘比较级+and+比较级’结构,意思是‘越来越···’Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.5.表示一方随另一方的变化而变化,用‘the+比较级,the+比较级’结构,意思是‘越···就越···’Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.6.表示‘几倍于···时’,用‘倍数+as···as’或用‘倍数+比较级+than’表示Ourroomisthreetimeslargerthanyours.Ourroomisthreetimesaslargeasyours.7.用much,far,still,even,alot,alittle,abit等词来修饰比较级,表示程度,放在比较级之前。如:It’smuchwarmertoday.最高级的用法1.三者或三者以上之中的‘最’,用形容词,副词的最高级。形容词最高级前必须加冠词the,副词最高级前的the可省略,常用的结构为:‘A+be+the+形容词,副词最高级+in(of)+表示范围的短语’。Heisthetallestboyinourclass.2.用比较级的形式,表达最高级的含义比较级+than+(1).anyother+单数名词或(2).+alltheother+复数名词(3).+anyoneelse(4).+anyoftheother+复数名词Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.3.最高级可以被序数词及much,byfar,nearly,almost等修饰,表示程度。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.四、专项训练1.写出下列形容词副词的比较级最高级。young__________nice___________far___________early___________much___________delicious_____short__________late____________little_________beautiful_______fat___________red____________2.用所给的形容词副词的适当形式填空。A.Tomis____(tall)thanJim.-4-B.LiLeiis_____(young)boyinhisclass.C.IthinkEnglishis______(interesting)thananyothersubject.D.Davidhas____(many)storybooksofallthestudents.E.LiLeispeaksEnglish_______(well)inhisgroup.F.Lucyruns_____(slow)thanLily.3.改正下列句子中一处的错误。A.TomcomestoschoollatethanJim._____B.Whichdoyoulikebetter,cats,dogs,orchickens?_____C.Whoisoldestinourclass?_____D.HethinksmathisimportanterthanChinese.______E.Thisworkisveryharderthanthatone.________F.Helivesfarerthananyotherstudentinyourclass._______4.单项选择()1.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuchnowthanafewyearsago.A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanest()2.Nowadayssciencefictionisn’tasascartoonsamongteenagers.A.popularB.morepopularC.lesspopularD.themostpopular()3.—Remember,boysandgirls.youwork,resultyouwillget.—Weknow,MissGao.A.Thebetter,theharderB.Theharder,thebetterC.Thehard,thebetterD.Theharder,thegood()4.Jackhasthreefriends.Mikeistheofthefour.A.mostcleverestB.morecleverC.cleverestD.clever()5.—InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreimportantthanspeaking.Ithink.—Idon’tagree,speakingisthanreading.A.asimportantasB.soimportantasC.themostimportantD.thesameas()6.Johnismyfriendofalltheclassmates.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest()7.BeijingisoneofcitiesinChina.A.verybeautifulB.muchbeautifulC.morebeautifulD.themostbeautiful()8.TheYellowRiverisn’tsoastheChangjiangRiver.A.longB.longestC.longerD.thelongest()9.Whoisthe,Jim,LiLeiorLingFeng?A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.muchtaller()10.
本文标题:初中形容词和副词讲解与练习
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