英语高考语法专题复习--数词

数词基数词表示数目的大小，序数词表示先后顺序。涉及数词的考题不多，但在2017年全国卷Ⅰ的短文改错中却考了两道题。顾真题回短文改错1.(2017全国Ⅰ卷)Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.the或my2.(2017全国Ⅰ卷)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.eighteenth析考情分考点是序数词前用the，十八岁生日是指出生后的第十八个生日，应当改用序数词。由基数词改为序数词这道题之所以成为全省全卷最难题，其原因是练得太少了，凡是考纲内容，我们必须全面系统地复习好。纳考点归熟读并牢记以下表格。基数词序数词onefirsttwosecondthreethirdfivefifthsixsixthsevenseventheighteighth基数词序数词nineninthtententheleveneleventhtwelvetwelfththirteenthirteenthfourteenfourteenthfifteenfifteenthsixteensixteenth基数词序数词seventeenseventeentheighteeneighteenthnineteennineteenthtwentytwentiethtwenty-onetwenty-firsttwenty-twotwenty-secondtwenty-threetwenty-thirdthirtythirtieth基数词序数词fortyfortiethfiftyfiftiethsixtysixtiethseventyseventietheightyeightiethninetyninetiethonehundredonehundredthonehundred(and)oneonehundredandfirst基数词序数词onehundred(and)twoonehundredandsecondthreehundredthreehundredthonethousandthousandththreethousandthreethousandthtenthousandtenthousandthonemillionmillionthonebillionbillionth变化规律：序数词一般由基数词加-th变化而来，特殊变化如下：1.one→first;two→second;three→third;five→fifth;eight→eighth;nine→ninth;twelve→twelfth。2.以-ty结尾的适十的基数词，改y为i，再加-eth。如：twenty→twentieth;thirty→thirtieth;forty→fortieth;ninety→ninetieth等。3.以one,two,three,…nine结尾的多位数的序数词，只需将结尾的这个词改为序数词即可。如：thirty-two→thirty-second;threehundredandsixtyfive→threehundredandsixtyfifth等。点相关考序数词前一般要加the。如：考点1Hewastheeighthtobreaktherecord.他是打破该纪录的第八人。注：在比赛中获得名次，如：firstprize/place，comefirst等表达中，常省略the。如：Mikewonfirstprizeinthespeechcontest.迈克在演讲比赛中得了一等奖。Hetooksecondplaceinthelongjump.他在跳远比赛中得了第二名。序数词前可用one’s，这时不用the。如：onmysixteenthbirthday在我16岁生日那天Therichmanhasboughttwocars.Buthewantstobuyathirdonethisweek.这个有钱人已有两辆汽车了，他想本周再买一辆。序数词不表顺序，而是表示原基础上增加，相当于“再一，又一”时用a/an,不用the。如：考点2表示编号。如：aweekortwo=oneortwoweeks一两周theTwelfthLesson=LessonTwelve第十二课考点3“一两天/周/月/年”的表达法。如：考点4“一个半”的两种说法：one/anhourandahalf=oneandahalfhours一个半小时考点5分数表达法。分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母要用复数。如：1/5读作onefifth;3/5读作threefifths；1/4可读作aquarter。注意：表示几分之几或百分之几的人或物时，要加of。如：Aboutthree-fifthsofthestudentsinourclassareboys.我们班大约五分之三的学生是男生。aneight-year-oldboy一个八岁的男孩afive-minutewalk步行5分钟的路程比较：afiveminutes’walk步行5分钟的路程考点6“数词+-+名词”作定语，带连字符的名词用单数。如：inthe1990’s或inthe1990s在20世纪90年代注：前加the，后加s，但“‘”可有可无。考点7年代表示法。如：考点9倍数表达法。(adj/adv课件）考点8“几十多岁”表达法。如：in+one’s+整十的基数词复数inherthirties在她三十多岁时考点10序数词或受序数词修饰的名词后，通常用不定式作定语。如：Thoserecentlyemployedwillbethefirsttobedismissed.那些最近被雇佣的人将会先被解雇。ShanghaiisthefirstlargestcityinChina.上海是中国的第一大城市。考点11表示“第几长/宽/高/……”与最高级连用。如：ThisisthesecondtimeIhavebeenletdownbythatperson;Ishallnevertrusthimagain.这是那个人第二次使我失望了，我再也不相信他了。Itwasthefirsttimehehadbeenoutwithheralone.这是他第一次单独和她出去。考点12表达“某人第几次做某事”句型。注意时态。如：练模拟操一、单句填空1.(2018福建福州)However,intheurbandistrictofBeijinghousesalonghutongsstilloccupyone_______(three)ofthetotalarea,providinghousingforhalfofthepopulation.指三分之一，故用序数词。third2.(2018山西孝义)Whattheylearnthelpedthemmake_____firstairplaneflightin1903.序数词表顺序时，其前要加定冠词the。3.Heisthe_______(five)persontoaskmethesamequestion.指第五个问同一问题的人。thefifth4.Ihavereadthetenthchapterbutnotthe_________(twelve).指第十二章。5.Itwasthethirdtimeoneofhiscars_________(go)upinflames.由该句型中的Itwas可知，用过去完成时。twelfthhadgone6.Osakaisthe________(two)largestcityinJapan.表示“第二大”要用序数词。7.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstman______(fly)inspace.在序数词后或受序数词修饰的名词之后，通常用不定式作定语。secondtofly二、单句改错1.Hediedwithinafewdaysofhisninetybirthday.2.Thestationisaten-minuteswalkfrommyhouse.ninetiethten-minute3.Threefifthofthestudentsarewomen.fifths4.Atthefirst,heseemedsurprisedbymyquestions.5.Ijustwanttogivethesekidsthesecondchance.6.Billyisfourteenyearsoldandinninthgrade.atheThankyou!