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[课前体验领悟]用适当的连接词填空1.(2013·江西抚州市适应性测试)youdidn'tknowtheruleswon'tbeanexcuseforyourfailuretoreport.2.—YouknowIgaveupthejobasawaiterandwenttothatlittlecompany.—That'syou'vemadeamistake.Thatcompanyisn'twellmanaged.Thatwhere3.Thequestionwasputforwardatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.4.Evidencehasbeenpiledupdrinkingwateraftergettingupinthemorningcontributestoone'shealth.5.Mr.Li,ourteacherofEnglish,talkedwithmefacetoface,whichmademerecognizesillymistakesIhadmade.whetherthathow[课堂考前讲练]主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,常用it作形式主语。引导主语从句的词有:that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how等。Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.(2012·天津高考)在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系,两条路都通向公园。Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(2012·江西高考)他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。—Whatmadehersoupset?—Thatshefailedinhermidtermexamination.(主语从句,that不充当成分)——什么使她那么伤心?——她期中考试失败(使她那么伤心)。1.(2012·山东高考)Itdoesn'tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why解析:句意:在这家商店里,无论你用现金支付还是用信用卡支付都可以。由Itdoesn‘tmatter“没关系”可知后面的意思应该是“无论(不管)……还是……”,又根据题干中的关键词or就很容易确定选B项,构成固定搭配whether...or...。how“如何”;what“什么”;why“为什么”,均不符合题意。答案:B2.(2012·新课标全国卷)Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what解析:句意:总统能做什么来结束罢工,这点完全不清楚。本句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是从句whatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike。在从句中,what作do的宾语。答案:D3.(2012·安徽高考)Thelimitsofaperson'sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why解析:考查主语从句的引导词。句意:一个人的智力极限,通常来说,出生时就已经定型了,但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。根据“dependon”可知,主语从句“________hereachestheselimits”中含有不确定因素,故用whether,选B。答案:B宾语从句1.由关联词that引导的宾语从句。由关联词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。Hesaid(that)helikedrainverymuchandthathewouldn'tuseanumbrellawhenitwasraining.他说他非常喜欢下雨,下雨天他都不愿打伞。2.由who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样把工作做好。3.在宾语从句中,引导词whether和if基本一样,但介词后的宾语从句多用whether。Inrecentyears,therehasbeenaheatedargumentaboutwhetheritisnecessaryforchildrentolearnEnglishfromanearlyage.(2013·南京金陵中学模拟)近几年来,关于儿童是否应该从早年学英语有激烈的争论。4.that,what引导宾语从句的区别。在宾语从句中,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导宾语从句时,意为“什么”(有时候可以不译),在从句中用来作主语或宾语。Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeofwhatothersactuallyunderstand.(what在从句中作宾语)(2011·上海高考)你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。Galileofoundthatnomatterhowmanytimeshetriedtheexperiment,theresultremainedthesame.(that不充当成分)(2012·宝鸡二检)伽利略发现,不管他进行多少次试验,结果都一样。5.有些动词或动词短语,如like,hate,appreciate,hide,dependon,seeto等,一般不直接跟宾语从句,需要在从句前加上it。Hetookitthatweweretostayhereforthenight.他以为我们要在这里过夜。Idon'tlikeitwhenyoulookatmelikethat!我不喜欢你那样看我。1.(2012·北京高考)Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt________hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.A.whyB.howC.thatD.whether解析:考查宾语从句。句意:Jerry不后悔给出评论,但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达。thathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently是由that引导的宾语从句,作felt的宾语。that在从句中不作成分。答案:C2.(2012·四川高考)Scientistsstudy________humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether解析:考查名词性从句。句意:科学家研究人类的大脑是如何运作的以制作电脑。分析句子结构可知study后接宾语从句,引导词在从句中作方式状语,故选B项。答案:B3.(2011·山东高考)We'veofferedherthejob,butIdon'tknow________she'llacceptit.A.whereB.whatC.whetherD.which解析:考查宾语从句。句意:我们已经给她提供了一份工作,但是不知道她是否接受,故选whether,意为“是否”。答案:C4.(2012·北京西城区高三期末)After________seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager'soffice.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why解析:考查宾语从句。此处after用作介词,“________seemedanendlesswait”为宾语从句,因从句中缺少主语,所以用what。注意that引导宾语从句时,在从句中不充当任何成分。故选C。答案:C同位语从句1.同位语从句常放在fact,news,doubt,problem,promise,idea等名词后面,常用的引导词有that,who,whether,why,where,when等。Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.(2012·浙江高考)我向自己保证:今年——我高中的第一年——将会是不同寻常的一年。Ihavenoideawhowillbeinchargeofthecompanywhenthemanagerisaway.我不知道经理不在时,谁会负责公司的业务。2.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容,从句本身是一个非常完整的句子,引导词that只起引导作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定语从句对其前的名词即先行词加以限制和修饰,从句本身不够完整,因此关系词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。Whenthenewscamethatthewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.(that引导的是同位语从句,that不可省略)(2011·辽宁高考)当战争的消息传来时,他决定参军。Asamatteroffact,thenews(that/which)hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.(that/which引导定语从句,也可以省略)实际上,他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。1.(2012·重庆高考)Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy________children'searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.that解析:考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容的,是evidence的同位语从句,引导词在从句中不作成分,故选连词that。答案:D2.(2012·银川部分重点中学模拟)Uptonow,Ihaven'tgotanyidea________weshouldgoonwiththeproject.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which解析:考查同位语从句。根据句中的“Ihaven‘tgotanyidea”可知说话人不知道“是否”应该继续这项工程,故选B,引导同位语从句,解释说明idea的内容。A项只起连接作用,没有任何意义,故排除。答案:B表语从句引导表语从句的词有that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how,because等。—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.—That'swhereIdon'tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.(2010·江苏高考)——在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。——那就是我不赞同的地方,你应该拥有更积极的生活。Asisknowntous,Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.
本文标题:高考讲练名词性从句
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