将来时间表示法

FutureTenseWill/shall+infinitiveWill/shall+progressive/perfectiveinfinitiveBegoingto+infinitiveConstructionsoffuturetimeBe+-ingBeto+infinitiveSimplepresentWill/shall+infinitive•Will用于第一、二、三人称主语，shall用于第一人称主语，这种将来意义常常带着说话人的主观态度和看法•Youwillfailthetestifyoudon’tworkhard.•Weshallknowtheresultnextweek.•既表将来又有意愿或意图•Iwilldoit,ifyoulike.•在疑问句中，可用来征询听话人的“意图”•Willyoubeathomethismorning?Will/shall+progressive/perfectiveinfinitive•带有“自然要发生”的含义•Thetrainwillbearrivingattwoo’clock.•表示将来某一时刻或时段里正在进行的动作•I’llbeworkinginParisduringMay.•will/shall+不定式完成进行体，表示一个已经开始的动作到将来某一时间仍在进行•BytheendofnextmonthIshallhavebeenworkingherefor20yearsexactly.•不表示“将来”，而仅表示说话人的揣测•Hurryup.Theywillbewaiting.Begoingto+infinitive•表示“意图”，即打算在将来做的某事•Wearegoingtocallameetingtodiscussit.•表示“预见”，即在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况•Imusthurry.I’mgoingtobelate.•Begoingto表示的“意图”通常是事先经过考虑的，will+不定式所表示的“意图”，则是说话时刻临时想到的，在某些语境中，二者不可互换•A:Whataterriblyheavybox!•B:Iwillhelpyoutocarryit.Be+-ing•表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于表示位置转移的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等•We’releavingonFriday.•许多动态动词都可用现在进行体表示将来•Heiswritingtoyoutomorrow.•“Be+ing”和“begoingto+不定式”都可表示现在已经决定将做某事，两者在某些语境中可交替使用•Sheisgettingmarriedthisspring.•Sheisgoingtogetmarriedthisspring.•表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作•IamtoworkwithTomthisafternoon.•TheQueenistovisitJapannextyear.•表示命令、禁止或可能性等•Tellhershe’snottobebacklate.Beto+infinitiveSimplepresent•表示将来时间，常见于条件状语和时间状语分句•IwillgiveittoyouafterIreturn.•在主句中用一般现在时表示将来时间通常按照时间表或既定日程一定会发生的将来事态•TomorrowisSunday.•He_________ifyouaskhim.(come)•Thistimenextmonththesnow_________(melt)andskiing_______(be)over.•They_________________theroadinthesummer.Ihopethey______________itbythetimewecomeback.(repair)willcomewillbemeltingwillbewillbewillberepairingwillhaverepairedWould+infinitiveWas/weregoingto+infinitivepastfutureWas/wereto+infinitivePastprogressiveandsimplepastWas/wereaboutto+infinitiveWould+infinitive•表示过去将来时间通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语，而且多见于从属分句•Hesaidhewouldcomebackthenextday.•表示在过去将来某一时间正在进行的动作，可用would+不定式进行体•Hetoldhisfriendthatthistimenextyearhewouldbestudyingabroad.•表示从过去某时开始一直延续到过去将来某时的动作或事态，可用would+不定式完成进行体•Bysixo’clockthatafternoon,theywouldhavebeencleaningthehouseforfivehours.Was/weregoingto+infinitive•表示动作或事态，也可以是没有实现的意图•LastSundayweweregoingtogoforapicnicbutitrained.Was/wereto+infinitive•表示过去将来，通常指按过去的计划、安排将在某个过去将来时间发生的事态•AsIwastoleavethenextday,IwenttobedearlyonSunday.•表示以后不可避免地要发生的事件•Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingtheywerenevertomeetagain.Pastprogressiveandsimplepast•用过去进行体表示过去将来通常指按过去的计划、安排即将在某一过去时间发生的事态•Thetrainwasleavingintwominutes.•用一般过去时表示过去将来通常用于某些条件状语和时间状语分句•Hesaidhewouldtellherallaboutitifhemether.Was/wereaboutto+infinitive•通常指最近的过去将来事态•Ifeltthatsomethingterriblewasabouttohappen.•在一定语境中常指未曾实现的意图•Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.•Iwarnedyounottoeatsomuchlunchifyou__________________________(swim)yesterdayafternoon.•WeknewthatFriday’smeeting_________________________(be)alongone,aswe___________________________(discuss)thebudget.weretoswim/weregoingtoswimwouldbe/wasgoingtobe/wastobeweregoingtodiscuss/weretodiscuss