how-to-do-paraphrase

Howtoparaphrase研究生英语课程MEETOURTEAMMajor:SocialworkMajor:AeronauticalengineeringStudentNo.:StudentNo.:Major:ArchitectureStudentNo.:Major:ArchitectureStudentNo.:ContentsDefinitionWhat’sparaphrasing?Paraphrasingisavaluableskillbecause…ReasonsQuickstepstoqualityparaphraseWelldoneparaphrasingStepstoeffectiveparaphrasingindetailsWaystoparaphraseSomenormalwaysParaphrasetipsSummaryDefinitionDefinitionAparaphraseisarestatementoftheauthor’sideasinaboutthesamenumberofwords.usingsomeone’sideas,butputtingtheminyourownwords.·yourownrenditionofessentialinformationandideasexpressedbysomeoneelse,presentedinanewform.·onelegitimateway(whenaccompaniedbyaccuratedocumentation)toborrowfromasource.·amoredetailedrestatementthanasummary,whichfocusesconciselyonasinglemainidea.Paraphrasingisaverycommontask,onethatpeopleoftenhavetodoforvariousreasons,butit’salsosomethingthatpeopleoftendon’tknowhowtodoverywell.Paraphrasingisimportantbecauseitallowsyoutoretoolandrefashioncontentforadifferentpurposewithoutgettinginanysortoftrouble,anditcanbeveryusefulifdonecorrectly.However,toooftenpeopledon’tputinthenecessaryeffort,ordon’tproperlyknowhowparaphrase,andthuscomeupwithareworkingofthecontentthatisn’tworthyofusingitinthefirstplace.Ourserviceisheretohelpyouovercomethisproblembyshowingyouhowtodoanythingfromhowparaphraseaparagraphtohowtomakeaparaphraseofasentence.ParaphrasingisavaluableskillreadtheoriginaltextcarefullyItisbetterthanquotinginformationfromanundistinguishedpassage.rearrangesentencesIthelpsyoucontrolthetemptationtoquotetoomuch.ReasonsThementalprocessrequiredforsuccessfulparaphrasinghelpsyoutograspthefullmeaningoftheoriginal..checkthemeaningofyourparaphraseagainsttheoriginalQuickstepstoqualityparaphrasesubstitutewords,askingyourselfquestionsaboutprecisemeaningidentifythesourceyouareparaphrasingStepstoeffectiveparaphrasingindetailsWelldoneparaphrasing1.nottoomanywordsfromthesource;2.asclosetotheoriginalsourceinmeaningaspossible,butwithouttoomanysamewords;3.easier,moresimple;4.noneedtoparaphrasetermsStepstoeffectiveparaphrasingindetailsWelldoneparaphrasingStep1Rereadtheoriginalpassageuntilyouunderstanditsfullmeaning.Step2Settheoriginalaside,andwriteyourparaphraseonanotecard.Step3Jotdownafewwordsbelowyourparaphrasetoremindyoulaterhowyouenvisionusingthismaterial.Atthetopofthenotecard,writeakeywordorphrasetoindicatethesubjectofyourparaphrase.Step6Recordthesource(includingthepage)onyournotecardsothatyoucancredititeasilyifyoudecidetoincorporatethematerialintoyourpaper.Step5Usequotationmarkstoidentifyanyuniquetermorphraseologyyouhaveborrowedexactlyfromthesource.Step4Checkyourrenditionwiththeoriginaltomakesurethatyourversionaccuratelyexpressesalltheessentialinformationinanewform.WaystoparaphraseSomenormalwaystoparaphraseWaystoparaphrase1.SynonymUseasynonymofawordorphrase2.Changetheorderofinformation3.Changefromtheactivetothepassiveorviceversa4.Changethepositiveintothenegativeandviceversa5.Changepersonalnounsintoimpersonalnounsandviceversa6.Changecomplexsentencesintosimplesentencesandviceversa7.ChangepartofspeechdependingonwordformationParaphrasetipsSomeusefultipsParaphrasetipsSynonymStudiesshowedthattheywerebornwithsomethingspecial.Studiesrevealedthattheyareendowedwithsomethingsuper-normalChangetheorderofinformationCognitivedevelopmentdependsonthechildren’sculture.Thechildren’scultureaffectstheircognitivedevelopment.ParaphrasetipsChangepersonalnounsintoimpersonalnounsPeopleareincreasinglyinterestedinnaturalfoodswhichdonotcontainchemicaladditives.Interesthasgrowninnaturalfoods:foodswhichdonotcontainchemicaladditives.changesubject:impersonaltopersonalThereisgeneralagreementamongEuropeanleadersthattotalunificationofEuropeancountrieswouldstrengthentheeconomicstabilityoftheentireregion.EuropeanleadersgenerallyagreethatifEuropeancountrieswouldunify,therewouldbeamorestableeconomy.Paraphrasetipschangesubject:personaltoimpersonalNooneknowshowmanyCEOssufferfromalcoholismanddrugabuse,butestimatesrunashighas30.TheestimatedpercentageofCEOswhoarealcoholicsandabusedrugsisupto30%.Paraphrasetipschangeorder/synonymAttitudestowardtheelderlyarechangingdramaticallyasbabyboomersgrowolder.Formanyyearstheelderlywereseenaslessusefuloncetheyreachedretirementage.However,newresearchpointstotheincreasedproductivityofolderagedworkers,eventhosewhoareintheir80sand90s.Newresearchindicatesthatolderagedworkersareproductive,evenintotheir80sand90s.Asaresult,attitudestowardtheelderlyarechangingdramaticallyfromtheviewthattheelderlywerenolongerusefuloncetheyretired.SummaryWhenyouconductresearchforatermpaper,youcollectinformationfromseveraldifferentsources,andsynthesizetheinformationintoasingleessay.Readoveryoursourceinsmallsegmentsandtakenotesasyouread.Thiswayyoucantakecaretoavoidrepeatingtheinformationwordforword.Youcanusequotationmarksandacitationtoquotecertainpassageswordforword--butyouhavetoquoteotherssparingly.Itismuchbettertosynthesizetheinformationintoapassagethatcontainsyourownwords.Asyouwriteyourownessay,usethenotesyou'vewrittentosynthesizethesourcematerial.Butre