法律援助的国家责任_从国际人权法的视角考察

()20063(137)法律援助的国家责任从国际人权法的视角考察彭锡华*:法律援助制度已为世界上大多数国家通过立法所确立法律援助的国家责任性质已经为许多国家所承认本文拟从国际人权法中有关法律援助的理论和实践出发,论证法律援助的国家责任,并分析国际人权标准对我国法律援助制度的建立之启示和指导作用:法律援助国家责任国际人权法500,,1994,,2600,20!20037∀#,,,,,,1495,∃,%&,,,,,%&20,,,∋(),:64*!∃∋,:∀#,1998:∀:#,∀#2003:∀#,19956,;,,,2060,,,1963GideonWainwright(614,,%&(,ArgersingerHamin)),∗(publicdefender)%&,,%&(OfficeofEconomicOpportunity),,%&%&,+6070,%&(AccesstoJustice),,,,,,1974%&(LegalServicesCompany)%&,,2070,,,,,,,,,(一)∀公民权利和政治权利国际公约#的规定14(3):%,−−(d);,;,,,&1.14(3),,!14(1),%&,,14(3)(d)65:()∗+,!Gideonv.Wainwright,372U.S.335(1963).Argersingerv.Hamin,407U.S.25(1972).,:∀#,19956,,,,(,),,:∀#,199561978(8):E.Skinnider19993%&%TheResponsibilityofStatestoProvideLegalAid&14(3)%&,,2.,,,,,,,O.F.∀,,%&,,Reid#,,,AngleEstrella∃,14(3),,,PrattMorgan%,,,,&,:,,Robinson∋,,3.∀#∀#,,,∀#,∀#6:%(1),,,,−−(3)−−(c),,&,(,∀#%&,Boner6620063∀#∃%&∋(O.F.v.Norway,communicationNo.158/1938.Reidv.Jamaica,CommunicationNo.250/1987.AngleEstrellav.Uruguay,CommunicationNo.110/1981.Prattv.Jamaica,CommunicationNo.27/1978;Morganv.Jamaica,CommunicationNo.225/1987.Littlev.Jamaica,CommunicationNo.283/1988;Berryv.Jamaica,CommunicationNo.330/1988;Curriev.Jamaica,CommunicationNo.377/1989.Robinsonv.Jamaica,CommunicationNo.338/1988.,),,,,Maxwell),,,,6(3)(c),,,(),6)!,Airey)∀,∀#61,,,,,Airey,,,;,,,,,,(二)其他国际人权公约的规定∀#,,∀#)#∀#:,,,∀#)∃∀#:,,,,)%∀#,)&∀#,,,)∋∀#,,,,67:)))!)∀)#)∃)%)&)∋SeeN.DesResiers,ThelegalandConstitutionalRequirementsforLegalAid,ReportofOntarioLegalAidReview,Vo.l2,1997.:∀#,1999,265SeeN.DesResiers,ThelegalandConstitutionalRequirementsforLegalAid,ReportofOntarioLegalAidReview,Vo.l2,1997.SeeEarlJohnsonJr,TowardEqualJustice,MarylandJournalofContemporarylegalIssues,Vo.l5,1994.37(d),401(a)ii∀#,∀#,198812943/173∀#,663(XXIV)∀#(),1985112940/331.,,,)(Reid,∀#3%,,&,∀#,,,2.,,∀#∀#,,,,,,3.∀#,∀#,,,,,,,,,%&,,,∗∗ArgersingerV.Hamlin,,,,,,,,4.∀#,,AngelEstrella,,∀#11,,,5.,6820063)(∗∗,200-800,100-500Lassiter,452U.S.18(1981).:∀#,:∀#,1999,203,Airey,Airey,Airey∀#,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,∗!,,,Airey,,∀#,,∗∀%&,,,,,,(:黄德明)69:∗!∗∀EarlJohnsonJr,TowardEqualJustice,MarylandJournalofContemporarylegalIssues,Vo.l5,1994.E.Skinnider19993∀#%TheResponsibilityofStatestoProvideLegalAid&