attributive clause全

TheAttributiveClause周子君芷江一中一、概念定语从句就是在一个复合句中修饰前面的名词和代词的从句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。二、引导词：定语从句是由关系代词：that,which,who,whom，whose,as引导；或关系副词：when,where,why引导。定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被称作先行词。三、代词tha/whicht的用法that既可指人又可指物，指人时用who/whom代替，在定语从句作主语，宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。which指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。例如：1.Isshethegirlthatsellsnewspaper？That指人，在句中作主语，可用who代替，不可省略）2.Whereistheice-creamthatIputinthefridgeyesterday？That指物，在句中作宾语，可用which代替，可以省略）（一）关系代词who,whom和whose的用法：Who指人，主格，在从句中作主语或宾语,可用that代替Whom指人，宾格，在从句中作宾语,在非正式英语可用that/who代替，并可省略.whose一般指人，有时亦可代替物，所有格，在定语从句作定语，不可以省略。1.Anarchitect（建筑师）isapersonwho/thatdesignsbuilding.(Who指人，主格，在从句中作主语,可用that代替)2.Thewomanwhom/that/whoyoumetyesterdayisournewmathsteacher.Whom指人，who的宾格，在从句中作宾语,在非正式英语可用that/whom代替，并可省略。3.Doyouknowthenameofthehotelwhosewindowwecanseehere?whose一般指人，亦可指物，是who的所有格，在定语从句作定语，不可以省略。注意：whose指物时可用：the+n.+ofwhich或者ofwhich+the+n.代替.1.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair,it’sdangerous.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that2.Helivesinahotel,_____isonlyfiveminutes’walkfromhere.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whereABthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。(5)先行词是who/what/which开头的句子。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引导时，先行词是物时。Thereare200dollarsthatweleftinourpocket.(7)当先行词在主句中作表语時，关系代词用that在从句中也作表语.Sheisn’tthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.但在下列情况下,一般只用which而不用that。a.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作连接词。Heloniskindtoheryoungestson,whichofcourse,makestheothersenvy（嫉妒）him.b.从句紧跟在介词之后，即用介词+疑问词共同充当连接词.Myfatherboughtthishouse，inwhichheoncelived.以下情况中，定语从句只用who,不用that1.先行词是one,ones或anyone时;先行词为those或被those修饰，指人时。如：Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.2.在therebe…的句子中，先行词为人时。如：Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.3.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词且指人时，作主语用who，作宾语用whom。如；Imetafriendofmineinthestreetyesterday,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.Imetafriendofmineinthestreetyesterday,whomIgottoknowtwentyyearsago.4.定语从句中有插入语时,且先行词为人时。如：JacksonisamanwhoIbelieveishonest.1.Marylivesintheroom,thedoor_____openseast.A.ofitB.ofwhichC.ofthatD.whose2.Theengineer_____myfatheristalkinghasjustcomefromabroad.A.withwhomB.withwhoC.withwhichD.that3.Football,_____isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.A.thatB.whichC.itD.whoBABB6.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity____Iknow.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Isthereanyoneinyourclass_____familyisinthecity?A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.whoB5.Those_____werenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothes.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whoseA四、关系副词when,where,whyA.关系副词when代替的先行词,表示的是时间when在定语从句作时间状语。注意：when可以用on/in/atwhich代替。如：1.InBeijing，JulyandAugustarethemonthswhen/inwhichitrainsveryoften.2.Doyourememberthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstwenttotheSummerPalace.1.Ihaven’tseenhersincetheyear_____IleftTokyo.A.onwhichB.whenC.whereD.why2.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger______itwas20yearsago,______itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;thatBAB.关系副词where代替的先行词,表示的是地点.where在定语从句作地点状语。注意：where可以用on/in/atwhich代替。如：1.DuringtheSpringFestivalIwentbacktothetownwhere/inwhichIwasbroughtup.2.Thisisthefarmwhere/onwhichIwasbornfromearlyage.1.Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.that.B.inwhichC.whenD.where2.Thisistheplace_____LiBaioncevisited.A.that/whichB.whoC.whenD.whereDA请填入适当的关系副词：1.Iwon’tforgetthetime______Igotmarried.2.Thisistheplace______wehadagoodtime.3.Isthisthehouse_____MrSmithvisitedlastsummer?4.Doyouknowthereason_____hedidn’tcometosweeptheclassroom?5.Hegothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____he'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.whenwherethat/whichwhywhereC.关系副词why代替的先行词reason,表示的是原因，why在定语从句作原因状语。注意：why可以用forwhich代替。如：1.Thereasonwhy/forwhichIamphoningyouistoaskyouwhetheryouhavegotthee-mail.2.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhecamelatetoschool.1.Winteristhetimeofyear_____thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whose2.Thereason_____heexpressedtousisknowntoeverybody.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.why3.Thereason_____Idon’tknowaboutthethisis______Iwasnotthereatthattime.A.why/thatB.why/whichC.when/thatD.why/whoseCBA四、限制性定语从句和非制性定语从句1）限制性定语从句与其所修饰的先行词之间关系很密切，若缺少，句意则不完整，故从句前不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与其所修饰的先行词之间关系不太密切，若缺少，句意则仍完整，故从句前一般都用逗号隔开。试比较以下两组句子：Thewaterwhichhasbeenpollutedbythefactoryisnotfittodrink.Water,whichisaclearliquid,iswidelyusedinoureverydaylife.2)当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，如：1.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.2.Asisoftenthecase,everybodydreamstoearnmuchmoneyandliveabett