挖掘机工作装置设计

I摘要液压挖掘机是一种应用广泛的多功能的建设施工机械，作为工程机械的主力机种。出于液压挖掘机具有多品种，多功能，高质量及高效率等特点，因此受到了广大施工作业单位的青睐，其生产制造来了日益蓬勃发展。液压挖掘机主要由发动机、工作装置、回转装置、行走装置和、电气装置和液压系统等部分组成。本次设计主要是关于挖掘机工作装置设计，工作装置是直接完成挖掘任务的装置，进行工作装置的全面的通用性设计研究对推动国内挖掘机发展具有十分重要的意义。本设计全面收集了国内外挖掘机工作装置设计的资料，对挖掘机的各种工况进行了分析，总结了挖掘机工作装置的设计要求。分别对工作装置的各个组成部分进行了较为详细的设计，这其中就包括了动臂，斗杆和挖斗的选型，各种组成部分尺寸的计算及它们驱动装置的设计，驱动装置设计包括各种驱动装置的布置，行程，作用力的确定。最后对动臂和斗杆在一些特殊工况下进行了校核。关键字：挖掘机：工作装置：动臂：斗杆：挖斗IIAbstractHydraulicexcavatorisakindofmultifunctionmachineusedwidelyinconstructionfield．Itisaprimarykindofmachine．Becauseofitsmultifunction，highqualityandefficiencyandvariouskinds，manycompanyliketouseit．Itsmanufactureisdevelopingdaybyday．Hydraulicexcavatorconsistofengineworkingequipment，rotator，walkingequipment,electriccontrolpartandhydraulicsystem．Onemainparts—workingequipmentdesigningmakeupofthisarticle．Workingequipmentisthefirstequipmenttofinishdiggingtask．Usinguniversalandprofessionalexcavator’sworkingEquipment’sdesignmethods，havingastudyofuniversaldesignwithcomputerisveryimportanttothedevelopmentofdomesticexcavator．Inthisarticle，collectmostoftheworldexcavator’sworkingequipment’sdesigningmaterial．Analyzevariouskindsofexcavator’sworkingconditions．Detaileddesignthevariouscomponentsofworkingdeviceseparately,includingtheselectionandcalculationofBoom,Stickandbucketandwhattheydriveanddesignoftheirdrive.Thedesignofdriveincludesdetermineoftheirarrangementandtravellingandforce.Atlastcheckingtheintensityofboomandstickinsomespecialconditions.Keywords:excavator，workingequipment，boom,stick,bucketIII目录1绪论................................................................................................................................11.1设计选题的意义.........................................................................................................11.2国内外液压挖掘机的发展动态和研究现状...................................................11.2.1国外液压挖掘机的发展动态和研究现状............................................11.2.2国内液压挖掘机的发展动态和研究现状............................................21.3当前液压挖掘机存在的主要问题...................................................................31.4本设计的主要内容及目标...............................................................................41.4.1设计的主要内容....................................................................................41.4.2设计的关键问题......................................................................................41.4.3设计过程中的已知参数..........................................................................42工作装置总体方案设计................................................................................................62.1机型选择及特点分析.......................................................................................62.1.1所用机型的适用范围..............................................................................62.2工作装置构成.....................................................................................................62.3动臂及斗杆的结构形式的初选.......................................................................72.3.1动臂结构形式的初选............................................................................72.3.2斗杆结构形式的初选............................................................................82.4动臂与动臂油缸的布置...................................................................................82.5铲斗与铲斗油缸的连接方式.............................................................................83动臂机构参数的计算及校核........................................................................................83.1动臂机构参数的确定.......................................................................................83.1.1α1与A点坐标的选取...........................................................................93.1.21l、2l与3l的计算...................................................................................93.1.34142ll与的计算........................................................................................93.1.45l的计算.............................................................................................103.1.5动臂其它相关尺寸的计算....................................................................133.2动臂基本数的校核...........................................................................................143.2.1动臂机构闭锁力的校核........................................................................143.2.2当满斗处最大挖掘半径时，动臂油缸提升力矩校核........................174斗杆机构参数的计算及校核......................................................................................184.1斗杆参数的计算及选择应考虑的因素...........................................................184.2斗杆基本参数的确定.......................................................................................19IV4.2.1斗杆液压缸的最大作用力臂9l及8l的计算..........................................194.2.2斗杆其它相关尺的计算......................................................................204.3斗杆的结构设计和强度校核...........................................................................204.3.1斗杆的受力分析....................................................................................204.3.2第一工况位置的受力分析....................................................................214.3.3第二工况位置的受力分析............................