MCS-51单片机智能温度控制系统设计

题目：MCS-51单片机智能温度控制I摘要单片微型计算机是随着超大规模集成电路技术的发展而诞生的，由于它具有体积小、功能强、性价比高等特点，把单片机应用于温度控制中，采用单片机做主控单元，无触点控制，可完成对温度的采集和控制的要求。所以广泛应用于电子仪表、家用电器、节能装置、机器人、工业控制等诸多领域，使产品小型化、智能化，既提高了产品的功能和质量，又降低了成本，简化了设计。本文主要介绍单片机在热处理炉温度控制中的应用，对温度控制模块的组成及主要所选器件进行了详细的介绍。并根据具体的要求本文编写了适合本设计的软件程序。温度控制在热处理工艺过程中,是一个非常重要的环节。控制精度直接影响着产品质量的好坏。本文研究的电炉是一种具有纯滞后的大惯性系统，传统的加热炉控制系统大多建立在一定的模型基础上，难以保证加热工艺要求。因此本文将模糊控制算法引入传统的加热炉控制系统构成智能模糊控制系统。关键词：单片机；热处理温度控制；模糊PID。IIAbstractThesinglesliceofmicrocomputersemergeswithdevelopmentofverylargescaleintegrationtechnology,becauseithassmall,thefunctionisstrong,highcharacteristicofcostperformance,appliestheone-chipcomputertotemperaturecontrol,adopttheone-chipcomputertodothetopmanagementunit,controlcontactlessly,canfinishtherequisitionforcollectionandcontroloftemperature.Soapplytosuchagreatdealoffieldsaselectronicinstrument,householdappliances,energy-conservationfitting,therobot,industrialcontrol,etc.extensively,maketheproductsminiaturized,intelligented,hasalreadyimprovedthefunctionandqualityoftheproducts,havelowercostsagain,hassimplifiedanddesigned.Thistextintroducestheapplicationoftheone-chipcomputerinthetemperaturecontrolofheat-treatmentfurnacemainly,compositionandselectingtointroducethedetailedonewithdevicemainlyofthetemperaturecontrolmodule.Andhaswrittenthesuitablesoftwareprocedureoriginallydesignedaccordingtotheconcretedemandthistext.Temperatureinheattreatmentcraftisveryimportant.Controlprecisioneffectdirectlythequalityoftheproduct.Theelectricstoveisakindpuregreatinertiasystem,andthetraditionalheatcontrolsystemisbasedonsomecertainmodel,soishardtosatisfythetechnologicalrequirement.Thispaperwilladoptfuzzycontrolalgorithmtobuildaintelligentfuzzycontrolsystem.Keyword：SCM；Temperaturecontrol；FuzzyPID.III目录第1章绪论......................................................................11.1引言.....................................................11.2控制器发展现状...........................................11.2.1PID控制器的发展现状..................................11.2.2模糊PID控制.........................................21.2.3模糊自整定PID控制...................................21.3电炉采用模糊自整定PID控制的可行性......................2第2章模糊自整定PID控制器的设计........................................42.1模糊推理机的设计.........................................42.1.1模糊推理机的结构......................................42.1.2模糊推理机的设计......................................42.1.2.1精确量的模糊化...................................52.1.2.2建立模糊控制规则和模糊关系.......................52.1.2.3输出信息的模糊决策...............................62.2模糊自整定PID控制器....................................62.2.1PID参数对PID控制性能的影响.........................62.2.2模糊自整定PID控制器.................................72.3模糊自整定PID控制器性能的研究..........................82.3.1Matlab仿真结构图.....................................82.3.2惯性时间常数的影响....................................92.4仿真结果分析............................................10第3章系统硬件和电路设计...................................................113.1引言......................................................113.2系统的总体结构..........................................113.3温度检测电路............................................123.3.1温度传感器...........................................123.3.2测量放大器的组成.....................................123.3.3热电偶冷端温度补偿方法...............................133.4多路开关的选择..........................................133.5A/D转换器的选择及连接...................................143.6单片机系统的扩展........................................153.6.1系统扩展概述........................................153.6.2常用扩展器件简介....................................163.7存储器的扩展............................................173.7.1程序存储器的扩展....................................173.7.1.1只读存储器简介..................................173.7.1.2EPROM2764简介.................................17IV3.7.2数据存储器的扩展....................................183.7.2.1数据存储器概述..................................183.7.2.2静态RAM6264简介................................193.7.2.3数据存储器扩展举例..............................193.8单片机I/O口的扩展（8155扩展芯片）......................203.8.18155的结构和引脚....................................203.8.28155的控制字的及其工作方式..........................213.8.38155与8031的连接...................................223.9看门狗、报警、复位和时钟电路的设计......................233.9.1看门狗电路的设计......................................233.9.2报警电路的设计........................................233.9.3复位电路的设计........................................243.9.4时钟电路的设计.......................................253.10键盘与显示电路的设计....................................253.10.1LED数码显示器的接口电路.............................253.10.2键盘接口电路.........................................263.11DAC7521数模转换接口.....................................273.12隔离放大器的设计........................................283.13可控硅调功控温..........................................293.13.1过零触发调功器的组成.................................293.13.2主要电路介绍.........................................303.14单片机开关稳压电源设计..................................31第4章系统软件设计...........................................................324.1主要程序的框图..........................................324.1.1主程序框图........................................