化学专业英语第一课

SpecializedEnglishforChemistry教学要求与安排成绩评定:平时成绩(30%)+期末考试(70%)参考教材：(1)黄忠,谢普会等.《应用化学专业英语》，化学工业出版社，2010年(2)朱红军,《应用化学专业英语教程》，化学工业出版社，2010年(3)MichaelLewis,AdvancedChemistryThroughDiagrams，OxfordUniversityPress,1999教学内容Chapter1IntroductionChapter2InorganicChemistryChapter3OrganicChemistryChapter4AnalyticalChemistryChapter5PhysicalChemistryChapter6CommonLabwareChapter7TranslationofaScientificPaperChapter8WritingofaScientificPaper考试教学内容与安排Chapter1IntroductionWhatis“SpecializedEnglishforChemistry”?专业英语和日常英语1.词汇的专业性plant：——工厂、车间charge：——电荷positivecharge：正电荷base：——碱植物负责、收费基础2.词汇构词法词尾：一般化学元素多以“-ium”结尾，如：Sodium代表Na(钠)、Chromium代表Cr(铬)等。前缀：mono-：一；di-：二，如：carbonmonoxide(CO)；carbondioxide(CO2)后缀：-ane：烷烃，-ene：烯烃，-one：酮，如：propane（丙烷）propylene（丙烯）acetone（丙酮）专业英语和日常英语3.缩写词汇COD：ChemicalOxygenDemand——化学需氧量BOD：BiochemicalOxygenDemand——生物需氧量b.p.：Boilingpoint——沸点专业英语和日常英语4.长句多且结构复杂专业英语和日常英语e.g.:NaturalandSyntheticRubber日常英语专业英语Peoplegetnaturalrubberfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquid,whichiscalledlatex(天然胶乳).Naturalrubberisobtainedfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquidknownaslatex.专业英语和日常英语Theymixitwithacid,anddryit,andthentheysendittocountriesallovertheworld.Astherubberindustrygrew,peopleneededmoreandmorerubber.Theystartedrubberplantations(橡胶园)incountrieswithhot,wetweatherconditions,butthesestillcouldnotgiveenoughrawrubbertomeettheneedsofgrowingindustry.Thisistreatedwithacidanddriedbeforebeingdispatched(派送)tocountriesallovertheworld.Astherubberindustrydeveloped,moreandmorerubberwasrequired.Rubberplantationswereestablishedincountrieswithahot,humidclimate,butthesestillcouldnotsupplysufficientrawrubbertosatisfytherequirementsofdevelopingindustry.Itwasnotsatisfactoryforindustrytodependonsupplies,whichcomefromsofarawayfromtheindustrialareasofEurope.Itwasalwayspossiblethatwarsorshippingtroublecouldstopsupplies.ItwasunsatisfactoryforindustrytodependonsuppliescomingfromsofarawayfromtheindustrialareasofEurope.Itwasalwayspossiblethatsuppliescouldbestoppedbywarsorshippingtrouble.Formanyyearspeopletriedtomakesomethingtotakeitsplace,buttheycouldnotdoit.Intheend,theyfoundawayofmakingartificial,man-maderubberwhichisinmanywaysbetterthanandinsomewaysnotasgoodasnaturalrubber.Formanyyears,attemptsweremadetoproduceasubstitute,buttheywereunsuccessful.Finally,amethodwasdiscoveredofproducingsyntheticrubberwhichisinmanywayssuperiorandinsomewaysinferiortonaturalrubber.Theymakeartificial,man-maderubberinfactoriesbyacomplicatedchemicalprocess.Itisusuallycheaperthannaturalrubber.Today,theworldneedssomuchrubberthatweusebothnaturalandartificialrubberinlargeamounts.Syntheticrubberisproducedinfactoriesbyacomplicatedchemicalprocess.Itisusuallycheaperthannaturalrubber.Atpresent,theworldrequirementsforrubberaresogreatthatbothnaturalandsyntheticrubberareusedinquantities.日常英语与专业英语词汇与表达式比较NaturalandSyntheticRubber日常英语专业英语getwhichiscalledmixitwithandthentheysenditgrewneededstartedwetweatherconditionsgiveenoughtomeettheneedsisobtainedknownastreatedwithbeforebeingdispatcheddevelopedrequiredestablishedhumidclimatesupplysufficienttosatisfytherequirementsnotsatisfactorywhichcomepeopletriedtomakesomethingtotakeitsplacecouldnotdoitintheendfoundawayartificial,man-madebetternotasgoodastodaytheworldneedssomuchrubberamountsunsatisfactorycomingattemptsweremadetoproduceasubstitutewereunsuccessfulfinallyamethodwasdiscoveredsyntheticsuperiorinferiortoatpresenttheworldrequirementsforrubberaresogreatquantities专业英语的由来专业英语的概念是早在1964年由Halliday、Mcinfash和Stmvens在其合著的《TheLinguisticSciencesandLanguageTeaching》一书中首先提出来的：EnglishforSpecificPurposeorEnglishforSpecialPurpose后来，TomHutchinsonandAlanWaters在其著作《EnglishforSpecificPurposes：alearning—centeredapproach》(1987)中对专业英语做了更加广泛的定义：ESPisanapproachtolanguageteachinginwhichalldecisionsastocontentandmethodarebasedonthelearner’sreasonforlearningWhytolearn“SpecializedEnglishforChemistry”?专业英语学习的最终目的是为了培养自己在专业领域内查阅、翻译英文文献、写出地道的英文论文的能力，并与国外学者直接进行科技交流给自己设定三个目标：阅读方面：能查阅该领域的专业文章，通过专业词典能快速理解文章主线和细节写作方面：要求写出符合科技论文要求及特点的英文摘要，在本科毕业论文中具体体现听说方面：要求能进行一些简单的专业技术交流某同学毕业论文摘要例1介绍了制备方法对Ru催化剂苯部分加氢制环己烯性能的影响，分析了反应过程中添加剂种类、温度、反应时间对苯转化率、环己烯选择性和环己烯得率的影响。PartintroducesthepreparationmethodsofRucatalystforbenzenehydrogenationsystemaffectstheperformanceofcyclohexene,analyzesthetypesofadditives,intheprocessofreactiontemperature,reactiontimeonbenzeneconversion,cyclohexeneselectivityandtheyieldofcyclohexenewereaffected.本文采用多元醇还原法制备了Ru/ZrO2催化剂，研究了催化剂的制备条件如还原醇的种类、催化剂的还原温度和还原时间对催化剂苯部分加氢制环己烯性能的影响。结果表明，最佳还原醇、还原温度和还原时间分别为1,2-丙二醇、160oC和120min，在最佳制备条件下，环己烯最佳得率为42.7%，相应环己烯选择性为57.0%。修改TheRu/ZrO2catalystswerepreparedbybyapolyolreductionmethod.Thepreparationconditionsofthecatalystsincludingthekindsofreducingpolyol,thereducingtemperature,andthereducingtimeonthecatalyticperformanceoftheRu/ZrO2catalystsinpartialhydrogenationofbenzenetocyclohexenewereinvestigated.Itisfoundthattheoptimumreducingpolyol,reducingtemperature,andreducingtimewere1,2-propanediol,160oC,and120min,respectively.Undertheoptimumconditions,theoptimumcyclohexeneyieldis42.7%,andthecorrespondingselectivityis57.0%.修改采用浸渍法制备了R