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图解入门静电入门手册静电消除器基础知识目录静电入门手册第1章静电是什么?静电引发故障!··································································2第5章静电消除器的基础知识DC方式和AC方式····························································20·························································3什么时候产生静电?除电时间与静电平衡·······················································22静电是什么?·····································································4物质带电是怎么回事?······················································6单纯由导体引起的静电感应············································7带电列与带电量的关系····················································8·····················································24静电消除器有3种类型······························25·······························26·······························27只有高频AC方式才能做的微小除电静电平衡优良的风扇型静电消除器广范围高速除电的棒型静电消除器·····································9发出“啪!”声音时感知的带电量第6章静电测量灵巧地测量静电·······························································28静电测量时的注意点·······················································29引力、库仑力灰尘附着的原理······························································10·····························································11静电消除器周围的金属体的影响···································30除电对象物周围的金属体的影响···································31必须进行接地···································································32静电破坏是怎么回事?····················································12引起静电破坏的原因······················································13静电破坏的原理·····························································14第8章静电消除器的维修随着时间的推移,除电能力也变差·····························33除电是指去除电子吗?···················································导电体的除电方法·························································用静电环就可轻松除电····················································1516171819变差的原因①放电针的污垢·········································33变差的原因②放电针的磨损·········································34放电针的维修与寿命·····················································35绝缘体的除电方法用静电消除器除电·············································································································································································36有效除电的思路1第9章有效地引进静电消除器第4章各种各样的除电方法第3章静电引发的设备破坏问题第7章静电消除器的使用方法第2章静电引起的附着问题アンティ画像アンティ画像アンティ画像第1章静电是什么?静电引发故障!在制造现场引起机械停止或产生不合格品等故障的原因之一就是静电。静电会在制造现场引起下列的故障。③吸附错误造成吸附2片①零件送料器的堵塞②贴标错误④切屑的缠绕⑤玻璃基板放电造成模板破坏⑥现场的不舒适感2第1章静电是什么?什么时候产生静电?那么,在什么时候会产生静电呢?例如,垫子和头发这两种物体摩擦后会产生静电。此外,在剥离物体或仅仅是接触也会引起静电。从科学上讲,“静电是因两个物体接触和剥离、摩擦、物体变形、离子附着等产生的现象”。■在这些时候产生静电①两个物体摩擦时②剥离接触在一起的东西时3要点!在反复进行摩擦和剥离的制造现场的工序中会产生很多静电。第1章静电是什么?静电是什么?―之1电有静电和动电两种。在干燥的冬天,从汽车里出来时接触车门后会发出“啪”的一声,这就是静电。用垫子摩擦头发后头发会粘在垫子上,这也是静电。也就是说,电子“停留”在汽车和垫子上的状态就是静电。相对于此,动电是指电子在电线中“流动”的状态。一切物质是由带有负(-)极性的电子和正(+)极性的质子和中性的中子构成的。然而,两个物体摩擦或剥离时,一个物体的电子跳出,正极性变多,另一个物体附着了电子,负极性变多。这叫做带电,例如,垫子带负电,头发带正电。①一个物体的电子跳出后带正电。■原子的结构--++++的质子10个-两个物体摩擦・剥离时・・・--的电子9个--●质子的数量多,因此带正电+++++++----+++++-+----++++----②附着电子后带负电。---例如,+的质子10个-的电子10个时●+、-同数,因此稳定+的质子10个-的电子11个++++--+++--●电子的数量多,因此带负电+++-----4第1章静电是什么?静电是什么?―之2让我们再次看一看物质是什么。一切物质是由带负(-)极性的电子和正(+)极性的质子和中性的中子构成的。也就是说,电子是构成物质的一种成分。分子原子+原子核物质-电子■静电带电的状态带电状态并不是电子“乘坐”在物质上,而是物质本身“发生了变化”。相对于此・・・带+电的状态(静电带电的状态)处于平衡的0V的状态(静电不带电的状态)5要点!静电带电的状态是指物质本身发生变化的状态。+++++++++±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±第1章静电是什么?物质带电是怎么回事?容易导电的物质叫做“导电体”,铁和铜、铝等是其代表。另一方面,难以导电的物质叫做“绝缘体”,丙烯和橡胶、塑料等属于绝缘体。但是,不管是容易导电还是难以导电,物质都是带电的。导电体和绝缘体的带电方式(带电分布)是不同的。V。±±±±±±±±±即使接地也不变成0V。6+++++++++++++++++++++■絶縁体の場合------------------绝缘体的带电示意图±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±■±導電±体±の±場合±±±±±±±±±±导电体的带电示意图进行接地后变成0第1章静电是什么?单纯由导体引起的静电感应静电感应是只在导电的金属等导体上引起的现象。带正电的带电体接近导体时,在导体接近带电体的一面出现负电荷,在反面的一侧出现正电荷(图1)。但是,拿走带电体后电荷恢复原样(图2)。导体导体+带电体+带电体+-+-++++--++++++接近-+-+--++离开+-+-++++--++++++-+-+--++图1带电体接近时,虽然保持中和,但电子在移动图2带电体离开后,壳体的电荷恢复原样++++--+-+-接地后被中和即使不接触物体,导体也会带电(图3)。--+-+-+离开---残留了负电荷+++-图37第1章静电是什么?带电列与带电量的关系两种物质摩擦时,哪一种物质带正电、哪一种带负电?对其进行归纳后就形成了“带电列”。因物质的不同,有些物质具有容易带正电的性质,有些则容易带负电。一般来说,在这个带电列中位置关系相近的两种物质摩擦时带电量较小,位置关系远的两种物质摩擦时带电量较大。但是,摩擦带电因湿度、温度、摩擦物体形状和状态的不同也会发生变化,因此,该现象并非适合于所有物质。另外,摩擦同一种物质时,虽然带电量少,但必然一个带正电,另一个带负电。●铝和丙烯摩擦后・・・・铝→+丙烯→-●铝和丙烯摩擦后的带电量<铝和氯化乙烯摩擦后的带电量8负()特氟龙氯化乙烯赛璐珞聚乙烯聚氨酯丙烯奥纶赛璐珞聚酯醋酸酯人造丝金・铂黄铜・银镍・铜硬质橡胶封蜡琥珀木麻铁棉花铝纸丝铅头发・毛皮羊毛尼龙云母玻璃兔毛石棉人手空气正()-+■带电列(摩擦顺序)第1章静电是什么?发出“啪!”声音时感知的带电量带电量用V(伏)来表示。下表总结了人体带电量与电击的关系,人能感觉到的静电一般为3kV。如果是1kV以下的静电,人体是感觉不到的,但是,在制造现场,即使是这种微弱的静电也会引起故障。人体为10kV、车体为0V时,由于存在着10kV的电位差,因此接触后会引起放电。●如果距离接近,只要少许的带电量就会发生放电。人体为0V、IC为500V时,由于存在着500V的电位差,因此接触后会引起放电。●即使静电环保持0V,由于IC带电,也会发生放电。选自:静电安全指南劳动省产业安全研究所(1988)精选9要点!带电量不同的两个物体接近时会产生放电现象。人全带电电位电击的程度1kV完全感觉不到3kV感觉到象针刺那样的刺痛5kV手掌甚至前臂感觉到电击和疼痛。放电发光从手指尖先延伸出去7kV手指、手掌剧烈疼痛,感觉到麻木9kV手腕剧烈疼痛,感觉到手的麻木在加重10kV整个手疼痛,感觉到流过电流引力、库仑力带电的两种物质接近时,“库仑力”开始工作。库仑力是指两个电荷之间工作的力,相同极性的静电相互排斥,不同极性的静电相互吸引。但是,电荷很大时,由于吸引力大于排斥力,因此会把物质吸引过来。垃圾+10V电荷10,000V>尘埃-10V这种库仑力是制造现场各种各样故障的起因。【食品、药品产业领域】(1)食品(2)药品(3)成形品垃圾混入、灰尘附着、粉体的飞散、标签粘贴不良等垃圾混入、灰尘附着、粉体的飞散、筛选不良、粉尘爆炸等垃圾混入、灰尘附着等【纤维、紙、纸浆产业领域】(1)纤维(2)胶片(3)纸原料线的绞接不良、线缠绕、线切断等附着灰尘、卷绕在滚筒上、静电放电等因吸附错误而致使吸附2张,等等10要点!具有被电荷大的一方吸引过来的性质。排斥力吸引力第2章静电引起的附着问题灰尘附着的原理为什么静电会使灰尘附着?根据附着对象的不同,其原理大致可分为两种。一种是“附着在导体上”,另一种是“附着在绝缘体上”。■附着在导体上导体(金属体)接近带电的物质(灰尘等)时
本文标题:图解静电入门
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