霍桑Nathaniel-Hawthorne-个人简介

(1804-1864)NATHANIELHAWTHORNE纳撒尼尔·霍桑NathanielHawthorneA19thcenturyAmericannovelistandshortstorywriter.OneofthefounderoftheAmericanromanticnovelsandpsychoanalyticnovel.BriefIntroductionHewasBornin1804inSalem,Massachusetts.HewasadescendantofalonglineofPuritanancestorsincludingJohnHathorne,apresidingmagistrateintheSalemwitchtrials（塞勒姆女巫案）.Inthefallof1821,hewasadmittedtoBowdoinCollegeinBrunsweick.In1828,hewritehisfirstnovelfanshawe.In1863,hepublishedhislastnovelouroldhome.Hewashiredin1839asaweigherandgaugerattheBostonCustomHouse.HejoinedthetranscendentalistutopiancommunityatBrookFarmin1841.WhileonatouroftheWhiteMountains,HawthornediedinhissleeponMay19,1864,inPlymouth,NewHampshire.workFirstnovelfanshawe1828《范肖》CollectionofshortstoriesTwice-ToldTales1837《重讲一遍的故事》TheMinister’sBlackVeil《教长的黑面纱》MossesfromanOldManse1846《古屋青苔》Rappaccini'sDaughter《拉伯西尼医生的女儿》YoungGoodmanBrown《小伙子布朗》RogerMalvin'sBurial《罗杰马尔文的葬礼》MasterpieceTheScarletLetter1850《红字》NovelTheHouseoftheSevenGables1851《带有七个尖角阁的房子》NovelTheBlithedaleRomance1852《福谷传奇》Children’sbookTrueStoriesfromHistoryandBiography1851《真实的历史和人物传奇故事》WonderBookforGirlsandBoys1851《奇异的书》TanglewoodTalesforGirlsandBoys1853《丛林传说》CollectionofshortstoriesTheSnow-Image,andOtherTwice-ToldTales《雪影和其它重讲一遍故事》1852NovelTheMarbleFaun1860《玉石雕像》NovelOurOldHome1863《我们的老家》TheMinister’sBlackVeil分析胡珀教长带黑面纱的原因：1.始终是个迷,也许像故事暗示的那样，他曾经犯下某种罪孽，为给自己赎罪而带上黑面纱。2.为芸芸教众们赎罪。世间所有的人都带有与生俱来的罪孽，而且每个人都设法隐藏它，因此是不可饶恕的。3.他的清教主义的罪恶观使他的双眼蒙上一层黑纱。4.以一种似乎自相矛盾的方式抗议人们缺乏坦率、存有隔膜、缺乏同情心及友爱之心。SignificanceHawthornewasthefirstnovelistinEnglishtocombinemoralitywithart.Hawthorneissignificantforthethemeswithregardto:theconsequencesofpride,selfishness,andsecretguilt;andsoon.Hawthorneissignificantforhisstyleofwritingromance,whichhethoughtapredestinedformofAmericannarrative.ThemeofTheScarletLetterToescapetheboundageofreligioneitheronpeople‘sspiritoronpeople’snaturaldesire.Thethemeofthestoryshouldbethemoral,emotionalandpsychologicaleffectsofthesinonpeople.