人教版必修三三维设计英语教师用书-Word文件

第1页共377页Indiahasmanyfestivals,withsomecelebrationsthatlastforweeks.However,noneofthemcomeevenclosetoHoli,India'smostcolorfulandfunfestival.Celebratedonthedayfollowingthefullmoon,thisyear'sfestivalhappenstobeonMarch19th.AswithmostIndianfestivals,thisonealsohasmanydifferentfolkstories.Mostofthemcenteraroundthesuccessofgoodoverevil.Themostpopularoneisaboutaking,whohateshissonPrahladaforlovingthecreatoroftheUniverse—LordVishnu.Wheneveryattempttostophimfails,hissister,Holikabelievedtobeimmune(免疫的)tofire,joinsintheeffortbyinvitingtheyoungboytositwithherinsideahugefire.HelpedbythepowerofLordVishnu,Prahladaescapessafely,whiletheevilHolikaisburnedtodeath.Torememberthisevent,hugeoutdoorfiresarelitinthenightbeforeHoliinordertocleantheairofevilspiritsandtocelebratethedeathoftheevil.Sowhat'ssogreataboutthisday?Whiletherearesomefunparades(游行)andfolksongsanddanceperformances,themostfunofalliswalkingtothestreetsandsplashing(泼洒)peoplewithwatergunsanddrycolorsandevencoveringthemwithentirebucketsofcoloredwater.Onthisday,everybodyisfairgame,nomatterhowoldorhowyoung.Ataboutmidday,thesplashingcomestoanendandpeoplelivingclosetooceansorriversusuallytakeabathinthewatertocleanthemselvesbeforegoinghometoadelicioushome­madebigdinnerandawell­deservedshortsleep,followingthisfulldayoffunandactivities.第2页共377页Section_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading[原文呈现]FESTIVALSANDCELEBRATIONSFestivalsandcelebrationsofallkinds①havebeenheldeverywheresinceancienttimes.Mostancientfestivalswouldcelebratetheendofcoldweather,plantinginspringandharvestinautumn.Sometimescelebrationswouldbeheldafterhunters②hadcaughtanimals.Atthattimepeoplewouldstarve③iffoodwasdifficulttofind④，especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths.Today'sfestivalshavemanyorigins⑤，somereligious⑥，someseasonal⑦，andsomeforspecialpeopleorevents.FestivalsoftheDeadSomefestivalsareheldtohonour⑧thedeadortosatisfy⑨theancestors⑩，whomightreturneithertohelportodoharm⑪.FortheJapanesefestivalObon⑫，peopleshouldgotocleangraves⑬andlightincense⑭inmemoryof⑮theirancestors.Theyalsolightlampsandplaymusicbecausetheythinkthatthiswillleadtheancestorsbacktoearth.InMexico⑯，peoplecelebratetheDayoftheDeadinearlyNovember.Onthisimportantfeast⑰day,peopleeatfoodintheshapeofskulls⑱andcakeswith“bones”⑲onthem.Theyofferfood,flowersandgiftstothedead.TheWesternholidayHalloween⑳alsohaditsorigininoldbeliefs○21aboutthereturnofthespiritsofdeadpeople.Itisnowachildren'sfestival,whentheycandressup○22andgototheirneighbours'homestoaskforsweets.Iftheneighboursdonotgiveanysweets,thechildrenmightplayatrickon○23them.[读文清障]①ofallkinds“各种各样的”，作后置定语，相当于allkindsof(作前置定语)。②hunter/'hʌntə/n.狩猎者；猎人③starve/stɑːv/vi.&vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死starvetodeath饿死④iffoodwasdifficulttofind是if引导的条件状语从句。⑤origin/'ɒrIdʒIn/n.起源；由来；起因originaladj.原始的；最初的⑥religious/rI'lIdʒəs/adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的religionn．宗教；宗教信仰⑦seasonal/'siːzənl/adj.季节的；季节性的第3页共377页⑧honourv．对……表示敬意⑨satisfyvt.使……满意/满足satisfyingadj.令人满意的satisfiedadj.感到满意的⑩ancestor/'ænsestə/n.祖先；祖宗⑪doharm(tosb.)[＝do(sb.)harm](给某人)带来危害beharmfulto对……有害⑫Obon/ə'bɒn/n.盂兰盆节⑬cleangraves扫墓grave/ɡreIv/n.坟墓；墓地⑭lightincense烧香incense/'Insens/n.熏香；熏香的烟⑮inmemoryof(＝inhonourof)纪念；追念⑯Mexico/'meksIkəʊ/n.墨西哥(拉丁美洲国家)⑰feast/fiːst/n.节日；盛宴⑱intheshapeofskulls以头骨的形式skull/skʌl/n.头脑；头骨⑲bone/bəʊn/n.骨；骨头⑳Halloween/ˌhæləʊ'iːn/n.万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕○21belief/bI'liːf/n.信任；信心；信仰havebeliefin相信○22dressup穿上盛装；打扮；装饰○23playatrickon搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑trick/trIk/n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门vt.欺骗；诈骗节日和庆典[第1～2段译文]自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。多数古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收获。有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。在那个时代，特别是在寒冷的冬月，如果食物难以找到，人们就会挨饿。现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人或事件的。亡灵节有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。他们第4页共377页还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。在墨西哥，人们在11月初过亡灵节。在这个重要的节庆日子里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。西方节日万圣节前夕也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。如今(万圣节前夕)成了孩子们的节日，这一天他们可以乔装打扮去邻居家要糖果吃。如果邻居什么糖果也不给，那么孩子们就可能捉弄他们。FestivalstoHonourPeopleFestivalscanalsobeheldtohonourfamouspeople.TheDragonBoatFestivalinChinahonoursthefamousancientpoet○24，QuYuan.IntheUSA,ColumbusDayisinmemoryofthearrival○25ofChristopherColumbusintheNewWorld.IndiahasanationalfestivalonOctober2tohonourMohandasGandhi,theleaderwhohelpedgainIndia'sindependence○26fromBritain○27.HarvestFestivalsHarvestandThanksgivingfestivalscanbeveryhappyevents.Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfoodisgathered○28forthewinterandtheagricultural○29workisover.InEuropeancountries,peoplewillusuallydecoratechurchesandtownhallswith○30flowersandfruit,andwillgettogether○31tohavemeals.Somepeoplemightwinawards○32fortheirfarmproduce○33，likethebiggestwatermelonorthemosthandsomerooster○34.ChinaandJapanhavemid­autumnfestivals,whenpeopleadmire○35themoon○36andinChina,enjoymooncakes.○24poet/'pəʊIt/n.诗人○25arrival/ə'raIvl/n.到来；到达；到达者○26gainIndia'sindependence赢得印度的独立gain/ɡeIn/vt.获得；得到independence/ˌIndI'pendəns/n.独立；自主independent/ˌIndI'pendənt/adj.独立的；自主的○27who引导的定语从句，修饰theleader。○28gather/'ɡæðə/vt.&vi.搜集；集合；聚集○29agricultural/ˌæɡrI'kʌltʃərəl/adj.农业的；农艺的agriculture/'æɡrIkʌltʃə/n.农业；农艺；农学○30decorate...with...用……装饰……○31gettogether聚会；聚集○32award/ə'wɔːd/n.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定○33produce/'prɒdjuː