简单句的五种基本类型和练习

1北京四中撰稿老师：黄浩编审老师：蔡正礼责任编辑：丁华简单句的五种基本类型讲解和练习一、定义简单句：如果句中只有一个主谓结构，而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，称为简单句。如：Myfathergoestoworkat8:00everyday.我的爸爸每天八点钟去上班。Youcangoswimmingtomorrow.你们可以明天去游泳。TheywenttoBeijinglastweek.他们上个星期去北京了。MymotherandIlikeeatingfish.我和妈妈都爱吃鱼。句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、宾语和状语等组成的，依照其组合方式，简单句为五种基本句型。二、具体用法（一）主语＋不及物动词。如：Weworkeveryday.Shestudieshard.Ioftengetupatsix.（二）主语＋及物动词＋宾语。如：Ioftenplayfootballafterclass.2Ilikeskatingverymuch.（三）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语：动作的执行者；谓语：说明主语做什么；间接宾语：说明动作是对谁做的或为谁做的；直接宾语：动作的承受者或行为的结果；1.Hegavemesomechocolate.2.Shepassedhimthecheese（四）主语+系动词+表语系动词：由be动词来充当，也由一些实义动词来做系动词；表语：说明主语是什么或怎么样，用名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词或短语来充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。表语也可以由数词、动名词不定式短语、名词来充当。1.LiuXiangistwenty-one2.Lucyisclever（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词1.Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.2.Keepthechildquiet.主语+及物动词+宾语+名词2.Shemadehimchairman.主语+及物动词+宾语+副词/介词短语1.Ifoundyouin.2.Weplaybasketballwell.3三、习题精选Ⅱ、口头翻译下列句子，标出句子的主语和谓语。1.Heisstandingbythesea.2.Ayellowcatwassittinginthetree.3.Heoftenwalkedintherainbefore.4.Theyarestillreadingintheclassroom.5.Icanwritewithyourhelp.Ⅲ、标出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语。1.Canyoudomeafavor?2.LeiFengsetusagoodexample.3.Hefoundmemybike.4.Tomlenthersomemoney.5.I'llwriteyoualettertonight.Ⅳ、标出下列句子的系动词。1.Weshouldkeepcool.2.Whendidyoubecomeateacher?3.Hownicethemeetsmells!4.KFCtastesnice.Ⅴ、标出下列句子的宾语补足语。1.Wemustkeeptheroomclean.2.Internetmakesourlifebetter.3.Theteacherfoundtheboyclever.4.Theygeteverythingreadyintime.4参考答案：Ⅰ、1~5ACBAC6~10CABCB11~15CACBA16~20BCCAA21~25ABACB26~30AACCC31~37DABDBBBⅡ、1.主语he谓语isstanding2.主语ayellowcat谓语wassitting3.主语he谓语walked4.主语they谓语arereading5.主语I谓语canwrite6.主语Tom谓语eats7.主语We谓语live8.主语Mary谓语islying9.主语you谓语:canswim10.主语mymother谓语iswaiting11.主语mymother谓语drinks12.主语you谓语:mustexercise13.主语Mr.Lee谓语isrunning14.主语thegirl谓语isdancing15.主语thetrafficlight谓语ischanging16.主语he谓语surfs17.主语they谓语arewinning518.主语she谓语wassinging19.主语somechildren谓语areplaying20.主语it谓语wasraining21.主语people谓语work22.主语mygrandfather谓语lived23.主语theplane谓语ismoving24.主语he谓语can'tspeak25.主语I谓语mustgo26.主语myuncle谓语wasdrawing27.主语thelittlebaby谓语wascrying28.主语we谓语havetoleave29.主语theoldman谓语maydie30.主语we谓语shouldn'tcrossⅢ、1.直接宾语：me间接宾语：afavor2.直接宾语：us间接宾语：agoodexample3.直接宾语：me间接宾语：mybike4.直接宾语：her间接宾语：somemoney5.直接宾语：you间接宾语：aletter6.直接宾语：us间接宾语：somefood7.直接宾语：me间接宾语：thequestion8.直接宾语：Mr.Lee间接宾语：alotofquestions9.直接宾语：him间接宾语：theball610.直接宾语：hisson间接宾语：apicture11.直接宾语：Tomandme间接宾语：aninterestingstory12.直接宾语：them间接宾语：anicesupper13.直接宾语：usstudents间接宾语：anEnglishsong14.直接宾语：us间接宾语：anotherpair15.直接宾语：them间接宾语：Chinese16.直接宾语：thedog间接宾语：somefood17.直接宾语：Tom间接宾语：somecheese18.直接宾语：me间接宾语：adictionary19.直接宾语：her间接宾语：akite20.直接宾语：us间接宾语：someicecreamⅣ、1.shouldkeep2.become3.smells4.tastes5.turn6.gets7.goes8.sounds9.look10.feel11.is12.were13.willbe14.is15.mustbe16.willbe17.can'tbe18.was19.are20.willbeⅤ、71.clean2.better3.clever4.ready5.open6.weakorstrong7.asecret8.captainoftheship9.agoodstudent10.Jane11.athome12.athome13.atwork14.in15.away16.back17.outside18.unhappy19.Billy20.happy