Syllabus

Content123AbriefintroductionofsyllabusTypesofsyllabusesCurrenttrendsinsyllabusdesign添加文本ABriefIntroductionofSyllabusDefinitionTheoreticalassumptionsComponents添加文本FunctionsOriginationOriginationAccordingtotheOxfordEnglishDictionary,thewordsyllabusmadeitsdebutintheEnglishlanguagein1656inreferenceto,inessence,atableofcontents.Itsmoreparticularuseinreferringtoanoutlineoflecturesoracoursedatesto1889.Theambiguityaboutthemeaningofthetermdoesnotseemtohavedissipatedinthesubsequentcenturies.WhatisSyllabus？Asyllabusisaninstrumenttobeusedtocoordinatealltheaspectsoflanguageteaching,suchasthecontent,thesettingstandards,andclassroominteraction,etc.TheoreticalassumptionswhatislanguageViewsonlanguageeducationhowtoteachhowtolearnlanguageViewsontheprocessoflanguagelearningViewsonthenatureoflanguageComponentsofaSyllabusAim/GoalObjectivesNon-languageoutcomesLearningcontentsImplementationEvaluationFunctionsofaSyllabusTheseimportantfunctionsinclude:(a)servingasacontract(b)servingasapermanentrecord(c)servingasalearningtool.添加文本Nunansyllabusproduct-orientedsyllabusprocess-orientedsyllabusWilkinssyllabussyllabussyntheticsyllabusanalyticsyllabusTypeATypeBWhiteProduct-orientedsyllabusAproduct-orientedsyllabusfocusesonlearningoutcomesratherthantheprocessitself.Process-OrientedSyllabusesProcess-OrientedSyllabuses,ortheanalyticalapproach,developedasaresultofasenseoffailureinproduct-orientedcoursestoenhancecommunicativelanguageskills.Itisaprocessratherthanaproduct.Itfocusonstudents’learningandteachers’teaching.SyntheticSyllabusSyntheticsyllabusessegmentthetargetlanguageintodiscretelinguisticitemsforpresentationoneatatime:DifferentpartsoflanguagearetaughtseparatelyandstepbystepsothatacquisitionisaprocessofgradualaccumulationofpartsuntilthewholestructureoflanguagehasbeenbuiltupanalyticsyllabusPresentinglanguageinanintegrationpartItisintendedtoleadtocommunicativecompetenceinabroadersense,ratherthantolinguisticcompetencealone.WhattobelearnedInterventionistSomeonepreselectsandpredigestsexternaltothelearnerother-directeddeterminedbyauhorityHowtolearnNoninterventionistnoartificialpreselectionorarrangementinternaltothelearnerself-directednegotiatedbetweenlearnersandteacherTypeBTypeAAstructuralsyllabusisakindofsyllabusinwhichthecontentoflanguageteachingisacollectionoftheformsandstructures,usuallygrammaticalelementssuchasverbs,nouns,pasttenseandsoon.Grammatical/StructuralSyllabusAdvantagesLongtraditionofuseWidespreadRelativelyeasytouse,particularlybyinexperienced(EFL)teachersLongtraditionofdiscretepointtestingassociatedwithstructuralsyllabusesDisadvantagesLanguagethatispresentedisoftenstiltedandunnaturalFocusonusagenotuseLackofonetoonerelationshipbetweenfunctionandforminlanguagepresentationDemotivatingaspectsofsyntheticsyllabusesNotgroundedincurrentSLAtheoryThecontentofthelanguageisacollectionofthefunctionsthataretobeperformedwhenlanguageisused,orofthenotionsthatlanguageisusedtoexpress.Functional-notionalSyllabusAdvantagesmoremotivatedtolearn.TakeStudents’needsintoconsiderationusethetargetlanguagemuchearlierdevelopestudents’communicativecompetenceandconfidencerevitalizeteachingmaterialsDisadvantagesThegradingoffunctionalitemsbecomesmorecomplexThelistsoffunctionsandnotionsdonotreflectthewaylanguagesarelearnedThecontentoflanguageteachingisacollectionofrealorimaginarysituationsinwhichlanguageoccursorisused.SituationalSyllabusAdvantagesmotivatinglearnersimprovingcommunicativecompetenceDisadvantagesimpossibilityofallpredictionslackingofversatilityunnaturalnessProceduralsyllabusissaidtobealearning-centeredapproachincomparisontoitsearliercounterparts(Structural-Oral-Situational)inIndiawhichweremoreteaching-oriented.ProcedrualsyllabusAdvantagesInnovationFocusonmeaning:studentslearnlinguisticformsthroughcommunication.Nopre-selectionoflinguisticitemsNaturalnessDisadvantagesNoneedsanalysistoguideselectionofcontentGradingandsequencingarbitraryLackofaproperSLA-basedrationaleNofocusonformFocusonthelearningexperiencethemselves‘naturalgrowth’approachwhich‘aimstoimmerselearnerinreallifecommunicationwithoutanyartificialpre-selectionorarrangementofitems’Learner-centeredorlearning-centeredProcessSyllabusesAdvantagesProvidesgreatflexibilityReformulatesthenotionofsyllabusfromaplanforfutureactiontoanaccountofparticipants'negotiatedactionsProvidesforbothformativeandsummativeevaluationDisadvantagesNoevaluationofeffectivenessofBreenandCandlin'sproposalsLackofneedsanalysisUnclearwhattheoreticalbasisofSLAisappealedtoAtask-basedsyllabusisoneinwhichthecontentoftheteachingisaseriesofcomplexandpurposefultasksthatthestudentswantorneedtoperformwiththelanguagetheyarelearning.Task-basedteachingsyllabusesAdvantagesUsesneedsanalysistoprovideabasisfortaskselectionBasedonsolidrecordofSLAandsecondlanguageclassroomresearchGradingandsequencingissuesaredeterminedonthebasisofbehavioralprinciplesnotlinguisticonesDisadvantagesLimitedresearchbaseComparativelylittledocumentationofpracticeThecriteriabeingusedarestillbeingdevelopedandourunderstandingoftheseprinciplesisstillinitsinfancy添加文本CurrentTr