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介词和介词短语胡燕介词是一种用来表示词与词,或者词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。它常和名词、动词、形容词等搭配,构成固定短语,表示不同意思。介词还可以与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,表示方位、方向、时间、地点、方式、原因等。这些介词短语在句中可充当定语、状语、补语等。介词由词形上可分为简单介词和短语介词。简单介词只是一个单词,如:in,on,after等。短语介词是由两个以上单词集合而成,如:outof,infrontof,becauseof,insteadof等。介词的种类★表示时间的介词1.表示年、月、日、时刻等用at,in,on2.表示时间的前后用before,after3.表示期限等用by,until,till4.表示期间等用for,during,through5.表示时间的起点等用from,since6.表示时间的经过等用in,within常用介词用法与辨析(一)点击链接点击链接点击链接点击链接点击链接点击链接at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点atlunchatbreakfastatnightatfirstattimesatthesametimeWeusuallyhavelunchatnoon/attwelve.注意:表示时间的名词前有this,last,next,every等修饰时,其前面不加介词。thismorning今天早上;lastMonday上周一;everyweek每周at&on&inB.on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)onMondayonJune6onTuesdaymorningonMay4,2003onChristmasDayonthenightofJuly(the)firstWedidn’tlistentothelectureonWednesdayafternoon.C.in用于表示周、月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)intheweekinMayintheholidayinsummerinSeptember,1995inthemorninginthe21stcenturyintimeinanhourPeoplegoskatinginwinter.Dotheyworkinthedaytimeoratnight?两者既可以作介词又可以作连词。A.before在……之前Washyourhandsbeforedinner.(before作介词)Hewillcallmebeforeheleaveshere/beforeteno’clock.(前一个before作连词;后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前,将给我打电话。before&afterB.after在……之后Let’ssingsomesongsafterschool.(after作介词)Pleaseclosethedoorafteryouleavetheroom.(after作连词)A.by在……前(时间);截止(到)……bytheendof…bythenbythetime+从句HowmanyEnglishbookshadyoureadbytheendoflastyear?ShehadleftbythetimeIarrived.by&until/tillB.until/till直到……为止(时间)Wedidn’tbegintowatchTVuntil/tillnineo’clock.Iwillwaitforhimuntilhecomeshere.A.for达……之久(表示经过了多少时间)可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。Hehaslivedherefor20years.Wewillstayinthecityfortwodays.for&during&throughB.during在……期间Theyaregoingtohaveagoodrestduringthesummerholidays.C.through一直……(从开始到结束)Theyplayedthecardsthroughthenight.HestayedinLondonthroughthewinter.比较:for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。A.from从……起(时间)表示“从……开始”时,一般都是用词组from…to…,而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用at。Themeetingwillbeheldfromeighttoten.Themeetingwillbeheldateight.from&sinceB.since自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)Ihavebeensicksinceyesterday.(强调一直病到现在)Thedoctorhassavedalotoflivessincehebecameadoctor.(since作连词,引导时间状语从句)A.in过……后(未来时间),大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。inanhourinaweekorsoHewillbebackinfivehours.注意:如果用于过去式,用after+时间。ShewenttoNanjinglastMay,andshecamebackafteramonth.in&withinB.within不超过……的范围within3hourswithinaweekImustfinishpaintingthecatwithinfiveminutes.比较:within和in。within强调“在……时间之内”,没有时态的限制。in是以限制为基础,inanhour是指从现在起一个小时之后,所以in一般只用于将来时。★表示场所、方向的介词常用介词用法与辨析(二)表示场所的介词表示方向的介词at,in,on,under,by,near,between,around,oppositeinto,outof,along,across,through,up,past,to,offA.at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)atschoolathomeatBakerStreetstandatthedooratthebottom/back/end/headofI’llmeethimattheBeijingrailwaystation.at&inB.in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)inBeijingintheworldinthebedinChinainabook/newspaperHisbrotherisinprison.Hewasarrested2yearsago.Mikeworksintheprison.ShewasborninChina.A.on在……上面,有接触面。(page5)onthedeskonthemapTherearetwomapsonthewall.on在……靠近……的地方ontherightontheriveronthepavementon&above&over&under&belowB.above在……上方Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds.C.over在……正上方,是under的反义词ThereisalightoverLiMing.Afewbirdswereflyingoverthesea.D.under在……下面;在……之内underthetableunderthejacketThedogisunderthetable.C.below在……下方(不一定是正下方)正下方是under,below是above的反义词。Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.A.near近的,不远的near=notfar,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间,如:inthenearfutureIsthereabusstopnearhere?B.by在……旁边,距离比near要近bythewindowbymeTheboyisstandingbythewindow.near&byA.between在两者之间MyteacherissittingbetweenTomandMike.What’sthedifferencebetweenAandB?B.among在三者或更多的之中Thereisabeautifulhouseamongthetrees.Heisverypopularamongthestudents.between&among&aroundC.around环绕,在……周围,在……四周Wesataroundthetable.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.A.in(the)frontof在……的前面(前部)Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.Thereisabigdeskfortheteacherinthefrontoftheclassroom.B.behind在……后面behind是infrontof的反义词Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.infrontof&behind&oppositeC.opposite在……对面Ourschoolisoppositeauniversity.Hestoodoppositeme.A.in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置Thestudentsareintheclassroom.B.into进入用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后。如:go,come,walk,run等。Thestudentsrunintotheclassroom.Hejumpedintothewater.in&into&outof&upC.outof和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向Thestudentsrushedoutoftheroom.D.up移动Thechildrenclimbedupthetree.A.along沿着Iwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenitbegantorain.B.across横过(表面)Ioftenswimacrosstheriver.AbroadsmilespreadacrossMary’sface.along&across&past&throughC.past经过Everydayherunspastthecityhall.B.through贯穿,通过(内部)Thesunshonethroughtheclouds.Theriverwasthroughthecity.A.to到达……地点(目的地)或方向HecametoJapanin1980.B.for表示目的地,“向……”for表目的时,一般都是和固定动词搭配。leavefor动身去……startfor出发去……IwillleaveforAmericanextweek.C.from从……地点起It’sabouttenminutes’walkfromheretothecinema.to&from&for★表示方式、手段的介词by,with,on常用介词用法与辨析(三)1By用某种方式,多用于交通。(Faypage12)如:bybusbye-mail;You’dbetterleavebythebackdoor.注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:Iwenttherebybus/inabus.2with表示“用某种工具”。(Faypage13)如:Hebrokethewindowwithastone.注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。3on表示“以......方式”,多用于固定词组。Theytalkedonthetelephone.ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/onTV.★表示材料的介词of,from,in常用介词用法与辨析(四)1of成品仍可看出原料。如:Thisbox
本文标题:20介词和介词短语
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