不方便法院说比较研究

胡振杰X:/不方便法院0说是指一国法院认为某个涉外案件更适合在外国审理或者本国法院不适合审理,而拒不行使管辖权的一种自由裁量权它起源于英格兰,后来逐渐发展成为英美国际私法上影响法院行使国际管辖权的一项重要制度该说缺乏合理性,没有统一的适用标准,且赋予审理案件的法官过多自由裁量权,很容易被当事人或者法院操纵,往往导致适用结果的不一致除一些普通法国家和地区外,其他国家都拒绝接受该说我国法院在审理涉外案件中也不宜适用该说:国际私法不方便法院说/0(forumnonconveniens),112,,,/0(forumshopping)122,,/0()/0/0,/0(forumnoncompetens)#138#X112122SeeJ.J.Fawcett,op.cit.,p.10;andP.R.Beaumont,AUnitedKingdomPerspectiveontheProposedHagueJudgmentsConvention,24BrooklynJournalofInternationalLaw(1998),note13,p.82.SeeJ.J.Fawcett,DecliningJurisdictioninPrivateInternationalLaw(Oxford1995),p.10;P.Prince,Bhopal,BougainvilleandOkTedi:WhyAustralia.sForumNonConveniensApproachIsBetter,47TheInternationalandComparativeLawQuarterly(1998),p.573;andthePermanentBureauoftheHagueConferenceonPrivateInterna-tionalLaw(hereinafter:PermanentBureau),1996Prel.Doc.No.3,pp.3-4.19,13219,,(arrestmentadfundandam)142,(),,152,/0,162,Soci†t†duGaz172,,,,,,,(ViscountCave)(LordShaw)(Clementsv.Macaulay),:/,0182:/,,,(natural)(proper),0192()/01.1974,/0(vexationoroppression),TheAtlanticStar1102Mac-Shannon,(LordDiplock)/0,:(1),,,(2),1112#139#13214215216217218219211021112I.e.,MacShannonv.RockwareGlassLtd.,cf.,(1978)A.C.795,p.812.Cf.,(1974)TheLawReports-AppealCases,p.436.Ibid.Cf.,P.Blair,TheDoctrineofForumNonConveniensinAnglo-AmericanLaw,29ColumbiaLawReview(1929),p.20.I.e.,Soci†t†duGazdeParisv.Soci†t†AnonymedeNavigation/LesArmateursFranÔais0(hereinafter:Soci†t†duGaz),cf.,(1926)Sess.Cas.(H.L.),P.13.Ibid.Cf.,A.E.AntonandP.R.Beaumont,op.cit.,p.149.,Cf.,A.Gibb,TheInternationalLawofJu-risdictioninEnglandandScotland(London1926),pp.212-213.Cf.,AntonandP.R.Beaumont,PrivateInternationalLaw:AtreatisefromthestandpointofScotslaw(Edinburgh1990),pp.213-214;Dicey&Morris,TheConflictofLaws(Stevens&SonsLimited1993),12thedition,p.398;Cheshire&North,PrivateInternationalLaw(London1992),12thedition,p.222;A.A.Ehrenzweig,TheTransientRuleofPersonalJurisdiction:the/Power0MythandForumConveniens,65YaleLawJournal(1965),note116,p.305.Spiliada1122,,,MacShan-non,/01132,,1142,1152,1968,,,,,,,11622.Spiliada,1172,:,,,,,1994111182,Amchem1192,:(1)(2),(3),1202,,,Oceanic1212,Spiliada(Nygh):(1)(2)#140#200241122113211421152116211721182119212021212I.e.,OceanicSunLineSpecialShippingCo.Inc.v.Fay,cf.,165CLR(CommonwealthLawReports,Austral-ia)1988,p.197.Ibid.,pp.919-921.I.e.,AmchemProductsInc.v.B.C.(W.C.B.),cf.,1S.C.R.(CanadaSupremeCourtReports)1993,pp.897-940.Cf.,J.-G.Castel,CanadianConflictofLaws(Toronto1994),3rdedition,pp.235-236;andJ.J.Fawcett,op.cit.,p.12.Cf.,Cheshire&North,op.cit.,notes2-7andtheaccompanyingtexts,p.222;J.J.Fawcett,op.cit.,notes39-43andtheaccompanyingtexts,p.12;andP.E.Nygh,ConflictofLawsinAustralia(Butterworths1995),6thedition,p.103.Cf.,Dicey&Morris,op.cit.,pp.400-402;andJ.J.Fawcett,op.cit.,pp.11-12.Cf.,J.J.Fawcett,op.cit.,p.11.Cf.,(1987)A.C,pp.987,477-478and991-993./0I.e.,SpiliadaMaritimeCorp.v.CansulexLtd.,cf.,(1987)A.C.,pp.460-488.(3)1222,,,,(),1232,Voth1242,/0,/0/0,,,1252,,,,1262()/0/0,/0,1272(P.Blair)1929,1282,/0/0(exorbitantjurisdiction)1292,1947Gilbert,1302Piper1312,1.GilbertGilbert,,1322,::,,,,#141#12221232124212521262127212821292130213121322See330U.S.(1947),p.508.I.e.,PiperAircraftCo.v.Reyno,cf.,454U.S.(1981),p.235.I.e.,GulfOilCorp.v.Gilbert,cf.,330U.S.(1947),p.501.1956:/,0SeeA.A.Ehrenzweig,op.cit.,p.312.Cf.,P.Blair,TheDoctrineofForumNonConveniensinAnglo-AmericanLaw,29ColumbiaLawReview1929,p.1.Cf.,A.Reus,JudicialDiscretion:AComparativeViewoftheDoctrineofForumNonConveniensintheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,andGermany,16LoyolaofLosAngelesInternational&ComparativeLawJournal1994,p.460.Cf.,CSRLtd.v.CignaInsuranceAustraliaLimited&Ors.,whichispublishedintheBulletinofLegalDevelop-ments,IssueNo.18,22September1997,p.210.Cf.,P.E.Nygh,op.cit.,pp.107-108.Cf.,Vothv.ManildraFlourMillsPtyLtd.,171CLR1990,p.538.Cf.,165CLR1988,p.245.Cf.,P.E.Nygh,op.cit.,p.103.,,,1332:,,,,1342:/,01352,:,1362,,Gilbert,,1372,,1382,281404(a),1392,,,,,Gilbert14022.Piper/0Piper,:,,/0(abuseofprocess)/0(mostsuitableforum)1412Gilbert,,,1422,,:,,1432:/,,,#142#2002413321342135213621372138213921402141214221432Ibid.,p.255.Ibid.,p.250.Cf.,454U.S.(1981),pp.253-256.Cf.,G.B.Born&D.Westin,InternationalCivilLitigationinUnitedStatesCourts(1992),2ndedition,p.277;andD.W.Robertson,/ARatherFantasticFiction,0p.402.:/,,0Ibid.,p.401.Cf.,D.W.Robertson,ForumNonConveniensinAmericaandEngland:/ARatherFantasticFiction0(here-inafter:/ARatherFantasticFiction0),103TheLawQuarterlyReview(1987),pp.398&412.See330U.S.,p.508.See330U.S.,p.507.See330U.S.,p.509.Ibid.,014423./0GilbertPiper,,,1996Ioannides1452,,:,;,1462二/不方便法院0说的不合理性,/0,,()/0,,Piper,?1472/0,/0(jingoism),1482/0(ju-dicialcomity)/0(judicialchauvinism),14921502,,:,,,,:,1512#143#14421452146214721482149215021512,HUZhenjie():ChinesePerspectivesonInternationalJurisdictionandtheEn-forcementofJudgmentsinContractualMatters:AComparativeStudyoftheRelevantProvisionsofChinese,SwissandUSLaw,oftheEuropeanConventionsandofOtherInternationalTreaties(Zurich,Schulthess1999),p.20-23TheAbidinDaver,,:/0See,(1984)1A.C.398,p.411.Cf.,W.L.Reynolds,TheP