最新乐高机器人EV3搭建图 teachers guideWEB

IntroductiontoProgrammingLEGO®MINDSTORMS®EV3Teacher’sGuideTheIntroductiontoProgrammingEV3CurriculumwasproducedbyCarnegieMellon’sRoboticsAcademyTheIntroductiontoProgrammingEV3CurriculumisnotaLEGO®MINDSTORMS®product.LEGOEducationortheLEGOGroupdoesnotsponsor,endorse,orsupportthisproduct.TheVirtualNXTisnotaLEGO®MINDSTORMS®product.LEGOEducationortheLEGOGroupdoesnotsponsor,endorse,orsupportthisproduct1IntroductiontoProgrammingEV3©2014CarnegieMellonRoboticsAcademyPrefaceThereisagrowingrecognitionthatComputationalThinkingPracticesarecriticalforallstudentstolearn.Theyformthecornerstoneofthelanguageofinnovation,andwilldriveallfutureSTEMdiscoveries.Theyareanewsetof“basicskills”thatallstudentsneedtoknow.Butwhatarethey?Atfirstglance,conceptslike“considerproblemsanalytically”and“usedatatoinformdecisions”seemabstractanddifficulttocomprehend.EducationalroboticssystemsliketheEV3provideamuch-neededtooltomakethemrealandapproachable.Considerthefirstfewactivitiesinthiscurriculum:studentsprogramarobottodrivefixeddistancesinsetpatterns.Eventhesesimpleprogrammingconstructsrequireprecise,thoughtfulcommunicationbetweenstudentandrobot–howfarshouldtherobotmove?Howfarshoulditturn?Asthechallengesbecomemorecomplex,studentslearntobreakthelargeproblemsdownintosimplerones,andconstructsolutionswithcare,onestepatatime.Sensorsaddtheelementofdataandmakekeyinformationabouttherobot’senvironmentavailable;numericabstractionsbecomeareality–35centimeterstothenearestwall,turn90degrees–enablethestudenttomakesmartdecisionsabouttherobot’sbehavior.Thesepractices–preciselogicalthinking,usingdatatomakedecisions,analyzingproblems,andbuildingsolutionsinteams–arecriticalinallformsofproblem-solving,notjustroboticones.Roboticsactivitiesareconcrete,contextualized,andprovideimmediatefeedback–importantfactorsinsatisfyingastudent’sdesireforsuccessandcreatingthemotivationtocontinuelearning.Studentsalsolearnabouttheroboticstechnologiesthemselves,whichimpactallmodernindustries,fromagriculturetohealthcare,banking,manufacturing,transportation,energy,andsecurity.Thepervasivenessofroboticstechnologies,fromairplaneautopilots,tobankmachines,tosmartphones,toself-drivingcarshelpsstudentstobe“engagedlearners”astheybelievethatthecontentthattheyarestudyingisimportantorwillbevaluabletothem.TheIntroductiontoProgrammingcurriculumisjustthat:anintroduction.Formanyteachersthiswillbeyourfirstexperienceatteachingroboticsandprogramming.Ifyouneedhelp,theRoboticsAcademyhaslotsoffreeresourcesonitswebsiteandregularlyoffersteachercourses.Ifyouhavequestionsorfindissues,wewouldlovetohearfromyou.Enjoyyourschoolyear.RossHigashi,RobinShoop,RoboticsAcademyLearningScientistRoboticsAcademyDirectorRossHigashiTheVirtualNXTisnotaLEGO®MINDSTORMS®product.LEGOEducationortheLEGOGroupdoesnotsponsor,endorse,orsupportthisproductTableofContents3FAQ4Checklist1Introduction5WhatistheIntroductiontoProgrammingEV3Curriculum?6WhyshouldIusetheIntroductiontoProgramingEV3Curriculum?6WhataretheCurriculum’sLearningObjectives?6WhenshouldIusetheEV3Curriculuminmyclass?7HowdoIusetheCurriculum?8WhattopicsarecoveredineachUnit?9What“BigIdeas”doestheCurriculumteach?10Standards10MathPractices10MathContent11CommonCoreEnglish/LanguageArts11NextGenScienceStandards12ComputerScienceStandards13ClassroomSetupHowshouldstudentworkstationsbesetup?WhataretheSystemRequirements?14Intheclassroom14GenerallayoutofallUnits14-17Batteries,Firmware,Ports,Menus18-19BigIdeasthatallstudentswilllearn20UsingtheEV3Software21TheMovementUnit21-28TheMovingStraightChapter29-35TheTurningChapter36TheSensorUnit36-42TheTouchSensorChapter43-49TheUltrasonicSensorChapter50-55TheGyroSensorChapter56-62TheColorSensorChapter63TheRobotDecisionsUnit63-69TheLoopChapter70-76TheSwitchChapter77-82TheSwitchLoopsChapter83-86TheLineFollowerChapter87TheFinalChallenge87-89FinalChallengeResources90-91TheSearchandRescueChallenge92ReproduciblesPages92-142UnitQuizzes,AnswerKeys,Handouts,WorksheetsandRubricsNote:WehavebeenaskedbypracticingteachersNOTtomakethesepublicandsotheyarenotprintedwiththisdocument.Theyaremadeavailablewiththecurriculum.TableofContents2IntroductiontoProgrammingEV3©2014CarnegieMellonRoboticsAcademyTheVirtualNXTisnotaLEGO®MINDSTORMS®product.LEGOEducationortheLEGOGroupdoesnotsponsor,endorse,orsupportthisproductFrequentlyAskedQuestionsFrequentlyAskedQuestions(FAQ)Beforestarting►WillIntroductiontoProgramminghelpmeteachtoStandards?Yes!SeeStandards,pages10-12.►WhatdoIneedtoprepareforclass?SeeChecklist,page4andBestWorkstationSetuppage15.►Whattopicsarecovered?SeeTopics,page8andGeneralLayout,page14.►What’sthelessonstructure?SeeHowToUse,page5.►Ialreadyhaveprogrammingtutorialsinmysoftware.Isthisthesamething?No.IntroductiontoProgrammingfocusesonbuildingcriticalthinkingskillsthroughprogramming,ratherthanroteknowledgeofcode.SeeWhataretheBigIdeastaught...,page9.Duringclass►HowdoIbeginwithIntroductiontoProgramminginmyclass?SeeHowdoIusetheIntroductiontoProgrammingCurriculuminmyclassroom,page7.►Aretherenotesavailabletohelpmeteachthelessons?Yes.EverypageinIntroductiontoProgrammingissumm