市情范例――重庆市

市情范例:重庆市ChongqingMunicipality重庆，故称巴，原本是一个古老的部落属地，但其历史迄今已逾3000年。西汉时改称江州。隋、唐、五代、北宋时称渝州。ChongqingwasoriginallythecapitaloftheStateofBaoverthreethousandyears.TheplacewascalledJiangzhouduringtheWesternHanDynasty.Lateron,itwaschangedintoYuzhouduringtheSui,Tang,WudaiandNorthernSongDynasties.北宋末期曾有短暂时期称恭州，至南宋光宗赵惇，先封恭王，后即帝位，所谓“双重喜庆”是也，于登基当年下诏书改恭州为重庆府。Beforelong,theplacewasrenamedoncemoreasGongzhouforashortperiodoftime.BythetimewhenZhaoDunwasconferredthetitleofPrinceGong,hestayedinthisplace.Forthesakeofcelebration,herenamedthecityofGongzhouasChongqing(DoubleCelebration)immediatelyafterhehadascendedthethrone.此后漫漫800余年，重庆辖境虽时有伸縮，然地名再无更易。Thisnameremainsallthesameoverthepreviouseighthundredyears,thoughthescopeofthiscityhadsometimeshadalittlechange.重庆，地处中国内陆之西南，属中亚热带季风气候，夏日阳光炽烈，故称“火炉”，城市依山而建，人谓“山城”,冬春云轻雾重，又号“雾都”。Chongqingissubtropical,hotinsummer.Henceithadgotthename“afurnacecity.”Meanwhile,Chongqinghasalsogottherenownasa“mountaincity”becauseofitsbuildingsonhillsidesandmountainssurroundingthecity.TheclimateinChongqingisoftencloudyandmisty.Asaconsequence,itisalsocalled“fogcity.”1937年，抗日战争爆发，南京失陷，国民政府西迁重庆，又把这里定为“陪都”。由于第二次世界大战中重庆在反法西斯战争中的重要地位，联合国总部那幅巨大的世界地图上，中国版图仅标出四座城市：北京、上海、南京、重庆。Intheyearof1937,soonafterNanjingwasoccupiedbytheJapaneseinvaders,theKuomintanggovernmentmovedfromNanjingtoChongqinganddesignedthelatterasitswar-timecapital.OnaccountofitsgreatcontributiontothevictoryoftheSecondWorldWar,onthemapofChinadisplayedinthegreathalloftheUnitedNationsthereappearmerelythenamesofthefollowingfourcities:Beijing,Shanghai,NanjingandChongqing.自此，重庆获得了本世纪社会与经济的几次跳跃性发展。作为“陪都”，四十年代末期重庆便初步形成现代工业城市的规模；五十年代，作为西南局、西南军政委员会所在地，也曾作为中央直辖市，重庆实际上成为西南政治、经济、文化之中心；Eversincethen,Chongqinghasenjoyedchanceofdevelopmentforfourtimesinsuccession.Beingasthewar-timecapitalofChina,Chongqingbegantodevelopintoamodernindustrialcityattheendof1940s.Inthe1950s,outofbeingthelocationofboththeSouthwestBureauandtheSouthwestMilitaryandPoliticalCommitteeundertheCommunistPartyofChina,andasthemunicipalitydirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentforashortperiodoftime,Chongqinghadpracticallybecomethepolitical,economicandculturalcenterofSouthwestChina.；六十年代，中国实行“三线”战略，一批工业企业特别是军工企业内迁重庆，给这座城市带来了又一次发展机遇，基本上建立了完备而雄厚的工业体系；Inthe1960s,duetothepracticeofthe“ThirdFront”strategy,anumberofenterprises,themilitaryenterprisesinparticular,begantomovetoChongqingandthismadeitpossibleforthisinlandcitytohavesetupacompletesystemofindustry.八十年代，改革开放以后，重庆被列为中国重点城市，进行经济改革综合试点，而令人瞩目的成就使其地位跃居长江上游经济中心，成为中国西南最大的工商业城市。Inthe1980s,soonafterthepracticeofthereformandopening-uppolicy,Chongqingwaslistedasoneofthekeycitiesenjoyingthechancetoflourish.Asaresult,withtheoutstandingachievementithadobtained,ChongqinghadturnedouttobethelargestcenterofindustryandcommerceinSouthwestChina.历史再一次选择了重庆。1997年3月14日，第八届全国人大五次会议通过了国务院5关于设立重庆直辖市的议案。继北京、上海、天津之后，重庆成为中国的第四个直辖市。Andnow,Chongqingischosenonceagainbythehistory.EversincethemoveoftheStateCouncilbeingapprovedonMarch14,1997bythefifthsessionoftheEighthNationalPeople’sCongress,ChongqinghasbecomethefourthmunicipalitydirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,togetherwithBeijing,ShanghaiandTianjin.直辖后的重庆，拥有82400平方公里的土地和3002万人口，成为中国最大的一个城市。原属四川省的万县市、涪陵市和黔江地区，现已划入重庆的版图。长江三峡的大半段已出现在重庆市境内。AsthelargestcityofChina,Chongqingcoversanareaof82,400squarekilometerswithapopulationof30.02million.BelongingoriginallytoSichuanProvince,Wanxianmunicipality,FulingmunicipalityandQianjiangdistrictarenowunderChongqing’sjurisdiction.AgreatpartoftheThreeGorgesappearnowintheterritoryofChongqing.6000米长的库区名胜古迹，诸如丰都鬼城、石宝寨、张飞庙、白帝城，使重庆更添风采。So,apartfrommanyhistoricalrelicsandtouristattractions,suchastheGhostCityofFengdu,StoneTreasureBlock,theZhangFeiTempleandWhiteEmperorCity,the6,000meterlongdamareaaddsmuchlustertoChongqing.巫山县大庙区龙坪村发现的距今200万年的人类化石，近期考古新发现的丰都烟墩堡旧石器时代遗址，以及柘城小田溪战国遗址，丰都汇南汉墓群和国宝级的水底碑林白鹤梁，吟咏着重庆古老的历史。Besides,therearemanyotherinvaluablerelics,suchasafossilofcavemantwomillionyearsoldunearthedatLongpingVillageinWushanCounty,aPaleolithicsiteexcavatedrecentlyatYandunbaoinFengdu,aWarring-States-PeriodsitelocatedatXiaotianxiinZhecheng,aHan-dynastygravegroundsituatedatHuinaninFengducountyandanational-gradeunderwaterforestofstonetabletssituatedinBaiheliang,providevaluableinformationforastudyofthemateriallifeandsocialnatureofthisplaceduringtheancienttimes.重庆因为直辖而越显年轻了。位于西陵峡中上段宜昌三斗坪的三峡大坝一俟完工正常蓄水后，虽然瞿塘峡入口处的“粉壁墙”、“孟良梯”、“古栈道”等景观将被淹没。OwingtohavingbecomeamunicipalitydirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,Chongqingbecomesyoungerandyounger.OncethereservoirbeginstoholdwateraftertheaccomplishmentoftheThree-gorgeDamlocatedinShanduoping,Yichang,someofthehistoricalrelics,suchastheWhite-PoweredWall,theStaircaseofMengLiangandtheAncientPlankRoadlocatedattheentrancetoQutangGorge,willbeinundatedcompletely.但是，“神女应无恙”，“瞿塘雄、巫峡幽、西陵秀”的自然风光格局不会改变，雄伟壮丽的三峡仍会以迷人的风采使游人流连忘返。However,theGoddessPeakaswellasotherscenicspotsintheGorgesofQutang,WuxiaandXilingwillnotbechangedatall.Furthermore,thefascinatingviewoftheThreeGorgeswillcontinuouslymaketouristsfailtotearthemselvesaway.“长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海”。古老而年轻的重庆，既面临着千载难逢的发展机遇，又肩负着力重千鈞的历史使命。“Withsailshoistedhigh,acros