高中英语语法：定语从句课件

定语从句TheAttributiveClause定语从句定语从句的相关概念关系代词、关系副词的基本用法that和which用法的区别as和which用法的区别关系代词前介词的确定1.定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词关系代词、关系副词：3.引导定语从句的词关系代词：关系副词：when,where,why等who,whom,whose,which,that等定语从句的相关概念指代所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语；宾语作宾语可省which物主语；宾语作宾语可省who人主语；宾语作宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose人；物定语不可省关系代词的用法关系代词Summarize关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：1.引导一个定语从句；2.在从句中代替先行词；3.在从句中担任某一句子成份。Ilikethemanwhoisthinkingnow.TheteacherwhomIloveverymuchisMs.Wang.Thegirlwhoisraisingherhandismysister.Heisthepolicemanwhotoldmethewayyesterday.ThisisatruckwhichismadeinChina.Aquiltissomethingthatcankeepyouwarmwhenyousleep.ThejarwhichIputsomesugarinisbrown.Thepianoisinstrumentthatislovedbymanypeople.Atankerisamachinewhichisverypowerfulinawar.Ilosttheglassesthat/whichIboughtinBeijing.1.Theman_____cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl______ImetisLucy.3.Achild_______parentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebook____________youboughtyesterday.5.Weshallneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.whowhomwhosethat,which,/that,which一、that和which用法的区别(1)先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.1、宜用that不用which的情况(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thenext,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(5)先行词是who或which引导的主句。Whoisthegirl(that)drovethecar?(6)当先行词又有人又有物时。eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.(7)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200people(that)didn’tknowthething.1.Isthereanythingelse______youwanttosay?A.whichB.thatC.itD.whoB13.Inhiswill,theoldmanofferedeverything______hehadtothecountry.A.thatB.whatC.whateverD.whichA14.All______isneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.whichB18.Youmayseeanyfilm______thisafternoon.A.thatyouinterestB.thatinterestsyouC.whichyouareinterestedD.whichinterestsyouB16.Theonlylanguage______iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.whoseC.ifD.thatD2.Thelastplace______wevisitedwasthePalaceMuseum.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whatC31.Thisistheveryman______spokeatthemeetingthismorning,______camefromAmerica.A.who;thatB.whom;whomC.that;whoD.that;thatC先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons______wesawthen.AthatBwhichCwhenDwhereA1.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.2.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.3.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.4.ThisisthebikebythatIgotoschooleveryday.5.Sheheardaterriblenoise,thatbroughtherheartintohermouth.whothatwhichthatwhichthatthatwhichwhichthat二、as与which引导定语从句时的区别两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。.e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpectede.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.1.Itrainedhardyesterday,_____preventedusfromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it2.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.What3.Chongqingisnotthesamecity_______wehaveseeninotherplaces.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.asBBD（90NMET)Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostof_____hadnotbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.whichKey:D(2000NMET)Alecaskedthepoliceman_____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.A.withwhomB.whoC.withhimD.whomKey:A三、关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）Therearemanytreesunder(which)theycanhavearest.2、只用which不用that的情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中Football,(which)isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.1.Theknife_____weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.A.whichB.withthatC.withitD.withwhich2.Thebeautifuldress______MissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers.A.inwhichB.wornbyC.wearingwhichD.that3.Ihavetwoballpens,______writeswell.A.neitherofthemB.noneofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhichDAC四、关系副词when,where,why的用法关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+which2.Thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.五、关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分a、Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisistheplacewhich(that)wevisitedlastyear.b、Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat(which)wespenttogether?c、Thisisthereasonwhyhewent.Thereasonthat(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.(94NMET)_______isknowntoall,Chinawillbean_____powerfulcountryin20or30year