动名词-初中语法较深

英语语法讲座系列Gerund动名词非谓语动词形式之一•构成与特征•1.构成•动词原形+ing2.特征兼有名词和动词的特征和作用名词特征与作用•主要表现在于•在句子中充当了主语或者宾语，还可以受形容词，代词和名词的修饰，前面也可以加冠词1.1：作主语Talkinglikethatisnotpolite.那样谈话不礼貌。Learningfromothersisimportant.向别人学习很重要。Note:•A.nouse,useless,nogood,fun,nice,interesting等名词或形容词做表语时，可用it做形式主语(subjectinform)，把作主语的动名词后置。•1.Itisdangerousyourswimminginthisriver.你在这条河里游泳很危险。在这里等是没有用的。•2.Itisnousewaitinghere.•3.It’sgreatfun_______(sail)aboat.•4.It’ssonice________(sit)herewithyou.•5.It’suseless_______(speak).sailingsittingspeakingB.thereisno+动名词•此结构表示：“不可能，无法”，相当于：•“itisimpossibletodo”结构，这种结构中，动名词起主语作用。•Thereisnobearingwithsucharudeman.若要人不知，除非己莫为。这种粗野的人是无法容忍的。•Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.Let’sdoittogether:•这样的人不可信。Thereisnottotrustsuchaman.Thereisnotrustingsuchaman.TrueFalse1.2作表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的爱好是收集邮票。Hisaimiseverybodyhavingagoodtime.他的目的是大家都玩得愉快。例题分析1.Theteacherdoesn’tpermit______(smoke)inclass.smokingbeingtreated2.Ican’treallystand_______(betreated)likethat.1.3作动词的宾语•动词后加动名词doing作宾语•V.+doingsthenjoy喜欢finish完成admit承认appreciate赞赏avoid避免suggest建议consider考虑imagine想象•Headmittedtakingthewatch.他承认拿了手表。Wouldyoumindmyturningontheradio?你不介意我开收音机吧？1.4作介词的宾语•Heisinterestedinsingingsongs.•Helefttheroomwithoutsayinggoodbyetousall.常见的词组包括：giveupdependonsucceedinputoffdevotetogetusedtolookforwardtoobjectto我盼望着能收到你的回信Iamlookingforwardto____________you.hearfromhearingfromLet’sdoittogether:1.5做定语及状语•A.动名词有时也可以做定语。•Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.阅览室里不准大声说话。Awalkingstick拐杖，手杖AstickforwalkingB.虽然动名词本身不能做状语，但放在介词后面可起状语作用。•1.Aftergettingupinthemorning,hewentoutforawalk.（表示什么呢？）（表时间）•2.Theywentouttothefrontbyridingintruck.•3.Jimwaspraisedforhavingbrokenarecord.（表方式）（表原因）（表示什么呢？）（表示什么呢？）2.2动名词的复合结构在一般情况下，句子的主语就是动名词的逻辑主语。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?请您把窗子打开，您不介意吧？我把窗子打开，您不介意吧？•名词属格或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词复合结构。在此结构中，名词属格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。逻辑主语的一般规则：•1）逻辑主语是有生命名词时，用名词或代词所有格。Tom’scomingiswhatwehaveexpected.(有生命)Hisleavingisagreatloss.(有生命）Note:•动名词做主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格；若做宾语，逻辑主语也可用通格。Motherdislikedmeworkinglate./mytrueIworkinglateisbadformyhealth.falseMeworkinglateisbadformyhealth.truefalseMyworkinglateisbadformyhealth.2)逻辑主语是无生命名词或抽象概念名词时，只用通格。Sheisfondofcoffeebeingservedafterdinner.她喜欢饭后喝点咖啡。（无生命）3）逻辑主语是以s结尾的名词或是一个以上名词构成的词组，只用通格。Itwasquiteunexpectedthestudentsfinishingtheexamsosoon.(s结尾)HissisterHelengettingmarriedlastweekwasagreateventinthetown.(名词词组）•Iamdoubtfulofthisbeingthebestchoice.(指示代词）4）逻辑主语是数词、指示代词或不定代词this,that,somebody,someone,none,nobody,anybody,anyone时，一般用通格Note:•A.动名词在need,want,deserve,repay,require,bear,take等表示“需要、值得、该受、忍受、经受”等动词及形容词worth后面，经常以主动形式表被动意义。•Theoldwatchispast__________.•ThebeautyoftheWestLakeisreallybeyond__________.这支旧手表已经无法再修理了。西湖之美真是难以描绘。repairdescriberepairingdescribingB.在介词past,beyond之后，也要用动名词主动形式表示被动含义2.4动名词与现在分词的区别2.4.1做定语时与所修饰的名词的关系现在分词1.表名词的动作2.逻辑上有主谓关系动名词1.表名词的性质2.逻辑上无主谓关系•Asleepingchild•Asleepingcar熟睡的孩子熟睡的车子卧车Thechildissleeping.Let’sdoittogether:•Adrippingtap滴水的水龙头候车室游泳池劳动人民•Awaitingroom•Swimmingpool•Workingpeople现动动现Let’sdoittogether:WhathelikesbestismakingjokesMakingjokesiswhathelikesbest.Thenewssoundsencouraging.不是动名词是动名词•1.Theseyoungtreesrequire_______(look)aftercarefully.•2.Ican’tstand______________(you,think)likethat.•3.Pleaseexcuse________________(I,interrupt)you.lookingyour/youthinkingmy/meinterruptingThat’sallforGerund.